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<p>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous, crystalline materials formed through the covalent bonding of organic units. They are characterized by high surface areas and tunable pore sizes, making them promising candidates for membrane separation. Typically, COFs have pore sizes ranging from 1 to 3 nm, which is ideal for nanofiltration applications. Over the last decade, COF membranes (COFMs) have rapidly advanced and demonstrate significant potential in nanofiltration. However, challenges remain in achieving environmentally friendly and scalable fabrication. This Review addresses the key challenges and opportunities for green and large-scale production of COFMs. We critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various laboratory fabrication methods and propose strategies for eco-friendly and scalable preparation, focusing on green solvents, large-area production, and production efficiency. Finally, we offer our perspectives on synthesizing COFMs sustainably at large-scale.</p><p></p>

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Green and large-scale production of covalent organic framework nanofiltration membranes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • Rui Wang,
  • Li Ding,
  • Jian Xue,
  • Hongwei Fan,
  • Jürgen Caro,
  • Haihui Wang

摘要

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous, crystalline materials formed through the covalent bonding of organic units. They are characterized by high surface areas and tunable pore sizes, making them promising candidates for membrane separation. Typically, COFs have pore sizes ranging from 1 to 3 nm, which is ideal for nanofiltration applications. Over the last decade, COF membranes (COFMs) have rapidly advanced and demonstrate significant potential in nanofiltration. However, challenges remain in achieving environmentally friendly and scalable fabrication. This Review addresses the key challenges and opportunities for green and large-scale production of COFMs. We critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of various laboratory fabrication methods and propose strategies for eco-friendly and scalable preparation, focusing on green solvents, large-area production, and production efficiency. Finally, we offer our perspectives on synthesizing COFMs sustainably at large-scale.