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<p>Increased crop diversity in cereal-dominated rotations can enhance crop protection, nutrient use efficiency and climate change adaptation. Nevertheless, it is argued that replacing cereals in rotations diminishes food production, threatening food security. Here we compared outputs of calories and macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) for human consumption from cereal monocultures, cereal-only rotations and rotations including two or three functionally distinct crop types (cereals plus root and oil crops, legumes or ley) in 16 long-term experiments across Europe. Rotations with three functional types produced more calories and macronutrients than cereal monocultures and cereal-only rotations with forage crops used to produce milk. Carbohydrate gains depended on growing conditions and crop choice. Advantages increased over time but were lost with forage crops used for beef or biofuel. Functionally rich rotations provided macronutrient proportions closer to recommended human diets. Our analysis shows no trade-off between functionally rich rotations and food production or agricultural land expansion.</p>

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Functionally rich crop rotations increase calorie and macronutrient outputs across Europe

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Giulia Vico,
  • Alessio Costa,
  • Monique E. Smith,
  • Timothy Bowles,
  • Amélie C. M. Gaudin,
  • Christine A. Watson,
  • Guido Baldoni,
  • Antonio Berti,
  • Andrzej Blecharczyk,
  • Krzysztof Jonczyk,
  • Martina Mazzon,
  • Claudio Marzadori,
  • Francesco Morari,
  • Lorenzo Negri,
  • Andrea Onofri,
  • José Luis Tenorio Pasamón,
  • Boël Sandström,
  • Inés Santín-Montanyá,
  • Zuzanna Sawinska,
  • Jarosław Stalenga,
  • Francesco Tei,
  • Cairistiona F. E. Topp,
  • Robin L. Walker,
  • Riccardo Bommarco

摘要

Increased crop diversity in cereal-dominated rotations can enhance crop protection, nutrient use efficiency and climate change adaptation. Nevertheless, it is argued that replacing cereals in rotations diminishes food production, threatening food security. Here we compared outputs of calories and macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) for human consumption from cereal monocultures, cereal-only rotations and rotations including two or three functionally distinct crop types (cereals plus root and oil crops, legumes or ley) in 16 long-term experiments across Europe. Rotations with three functional types produced more calories and macronutrients than cereal monocultures and cereal-only rotations with forage crops used to produce milk. Carbohydrate gains depended on growing conditions and crop choice. Advantages increased over time but were lost with forage crops used for beef or biofuel. Functionally rich rotations provided macronutrient proportions closer to recommended human diets. Our analysis shows no trade-off between functionally rich rotations and food production or agricultural land expansion.