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<p>Biological nitrogen fixation through foliar application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria presents a promising route to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers but remains limited by challenges in bacterial adhesion and survival in the phyllosphere. We developed a nanocoated inoculant encapsulating <i>Klebsiella variicola</i> W12 using metal–phenolic networks and sodium alginate for enhanced nitrogen fixation under nitrogen-depleted conditions. The nanocoating improved bacterial resistance to UV radiation, oxidative stress, aerobic conditions and desiccation, enhancing adhesion and biofilm formation on leaf surfaces. Colonization increased 3.3-fold compared to non-coated bacteria at 14 days after application, improving epiphytic and endophytic persistence. The nanocoated bacteria contributed 27.89% of total plant nitrogen, over twice that of non-coated bacteria, resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in rice fresh weight after 54 days. Field trials demonstrated potential savings of chemical fertilizer of 74.38 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, highlighting a sustainable and effective strategy to improve crop productivity with reduced reliance on chemical nitrogen fertilizers and environmental impacts.</p>

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Stable foliar colonization of nanocoated nitrogen-fixing bacteria enhances crop nitrogen supply

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Yiwen Liao,
  • Li-Mei Zhang,
  • Dawei Xu,
  • Qinghao Cao,
  • Hang Wang,
  • Ping Fang,
  • Yong-Guan Zhu,
  • Yuhong Cao

摘要

Biological nitrogen fixation through foliar application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria presents a promising route to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers but remains limited by challenges in bacterial adhesion and survival in the phyllosphere. We developed a nanocoated inoculant encapsulating Klebsiella variicola W12 using metal–phenolic networks and sodium alginate for enhanced nitrogen fixation under nitrogen-depleted conditions. The nanocoating improved bacterial resistance to UV radiation, oxidative stress, aerobic conditions and desiccation, enhancing adhesion and biofilm formation on leaf surfaces. Colonization increased 3.3-fold compared to non-coated bacteria at 14 days after application, improving epiphytic and endophytic persistence. The nanocoated bacteria contributed 27.89% of total plant nitrogen, over twice that of non-coated bacteria, resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in rice fresh weight after 54 days. Field trials demonstrated potential savings of chemical fertilizer of 74.38 kg N ha−1, highlighting a sustainable and effective strategy to improve crop productivity with reduced reliance on chemical nitrogen fertilizers and environmental impacts.