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<p>Paddy fields are major contributors to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Applying ~1% biochar by topsoil weight (high single, HS) effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, but long-term impacts are unclear. Here we present 8-year field experiments showing HS reduces CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent per hectare by 59% and yields a net benefit of US$1,810 per hectare. However, its effectiveness declines over time due to the decreased soil carbon content and methanotrophic activity triggered by higher soil ammonium concentrations. To counteract this, the annual-low method, involving yearly biochar recycling, surpasses the HS approach with a 52% CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and yields a net benefit of US$2,801 (35%) per hectare—highlighting the economic and environmental viability of annual-low biochar use in sustainable paddy field management practices.</p>

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Biochar application using recycled annual self straw reduces long-term greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields with economic benefits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月12日

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  • Qiong Nan,
  • Daan R. Speth,
  • Yong Qin,
  • Wenchen Chi,
  • Jana Milucka,
  • Baojing Gu,
  • Weixiang Wu

摘要

Paddy fields are major contributors to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Applying ~1% biochar by topsoil weight (high single, HS) effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, but long-term impacts are unclear. Here we present 8-year field experiments showing HS reduces CO2 equivalent per hectare by 59% and yields a net benefit of US$1,810 per hectare. However, its effectiveness declines over time due to the decreased soil carbon content and methanotrophic activity triggered by higher soil ammonium concentrations. To counteract this, the annual-low method, involving yearly biochar recycling, surpasses the HS approach with a 52% CO2 reduction and yields a net benefit of US$2,801 (35%) per hectare—highlighting the economic and environmental viability of annual-low biochar use in sustainable paddy field management practices.