Choreographing Ecological–Industrial Synergy in an Adaptive Spatial Governance Framework

Global land-use reconfiguration has caused ecosystem services and economic services to become intertwined and interactive in shared spaces, intensifying conflicts between development and the environment. Traditional incentive-based zoning approaches have proven inadequate for managing these trade-offs and conflicts. Based on social–ecological systems (SES) theory, this paper proposes the concept of Industry Space, which regards natural ecology, industrial activity, social needs, and governance structures as a coupled whole. We employ a source–flow–sink framework to explain the spatial diffusion and attenuation of services, revealing how synergies and trade-offs between ecological and economic services influence regional well-being. We further introduce the concept of supply–demand adaptation, emphasizing the dynamic balance between supply and demand to achieve long-term system resilience. To operationalize these ideas, we construct a theoretical framework for adaptive planning, advocating multi-level governance, stakeholder participation, and iterative adjustments to address cross-scale and uncertain socio-economic and environmental changes. This framework offers a novel perspective for integrating macro-level governance with micro-level planning and promoting synergy between industrial development and ecological conservation, providing a reference point for global sustainable transitions.