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<p>Efficient and precise measurement of electromagnetic signals is crucial for both fundamental science and practical applications. Demodulation is a widely used technique for receiving and recovering modulated signals. Here we show a quantum demodulator using two heteronuclear ions to simultaneously detect the amplitudes and frequencies of unknown periodic signals, overcoming the constraint of double-parameter optimization. With reinforcement learning, the quantum Fisher information scales as <i>t</i><sup>4</sup> for frequency estimation and as <i>t</i><sup>2</sup> for amplitude estimation, achieving inverse-quartic and inverse-quadratic temporal scaling, respectively. This work demonstrates the potential of heteronuclear ions in efficient quantum sensing and highlights the role of reinforcement learning in advancing quantum control.</p>

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Optimized heteronuclear-ion quantum demodulator with inverse-quartic and inverse-quadratic temporal scalings

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Jiawei Zhang,
  • Wenqiang Ding,
  • Haojie Du,
  • Jintao Bu,
  • Wenfei Yuan,
  • Bin Wang,
  • Wenjin Chen,
  • Liang Chen,
  • Jiachong Li,
  • Geyi Ding,
  • Fei Zhou,
  • Qing-Shou Tan,
  • Mang Feng

摘要

Efficient and precise measurement of electromagnetic signals is crucial for both fundamental science and practical applications. Demodulation is a widely used technique for receiving and recovering modulated signals. Here we show a quantum demodulator using two heteronuclear ions to simultaneously detect the amplitudes and frequencies of unknown periodic signals, overcoming the constraint of double-parameter optimization. With reinforcement learning, the quantum Fisher information scales as t4 for frequency estimation and as t2 for amplitude estimation, achieving inverse-quartic and inverse-quadratic temporal scaling, respectively. This work demonstrates the potential of heteronuclear ions in efficient quantum sensing and highlights the role of reinforcement learning in advancing quantum control.