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<p>Controlling magnetic states with minimal energy input promises faster and more efficient devices. However, achieving programmable, multi-level spin switching in antiferromagnetic materials remains a challenge. Here we observe both conventional and multi-step type-II spin switching, as well as its coupling with spin reorientation transition, in a 5% manganese-doped single crystal of ytterbium orthoferrite. The stability of ytterbium ions magnetic moments, ensured by its nearly filled 4 <i>f</i> shell, combined with reduced molecular field strength due to manganese substitution, enables controlled reversal of the rare-earth spins. To interpret these observations, we extend the classical Weiss model by introducing distributed effective fields acting on magnetically inequivalent rare-earth components. This generalized framework accounts quantitatively for the multi-step spin switching behavior. Our results demonstrate a pathway to engineer complex spin transitions via internal field modulation, and offer insights into rare-earth-driven spin-state control, potentially useful for polymorphic spin memory and programmable antiferromagnetic switching.</p><p></p>

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Observation and extended Weiss modeling of multi-step type-II spin switching in Mn doped YbFeO3

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Wanting Yang,
  • Haohuan Peng,
  • Yefei Guo,
  • Xiaoxuan Ma,
  • Baojuan Kang,
  • Rongrong Jia,
  • Jun-Yi Ge,
  • Yuriy Dedkov,
  • Shixun Cao

摘要

Controlling magnetic states with minimal energy input promises faster and more efficient devices. However, achieving programmable, multi-level spin switching in antiferromagnetic materials remains a challenge. Here we observe both conventional and multi-step type-II spin switching, as well as its coupling with spin reorientation transition, in a 5% manganese-doped single crystal of ytterbium orthoferrite. The stability of ytterbium ions magnetic moments, ensured by its nearly filled 4 f shell, combined with reduced molecular field strength due to manganese substitution, enables controlled reversal of the rare-earth spins. To interpret these observations, we extend the classical Weiss model by introducing distributed effective fields acting on magnetically inequivalent rare-earth components. This generalized framework accounts quantitatively for the multi-step spin switching behavior. Our results demonstrate a pathway to engineer complex spin transitions via internal field modulation, and offer insights into rare-earth-driven spin-state control, potentially useful for polymorphic spin memory and programmable antiferromagnetic switching.