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<p>Lattice gauge theory is an important framework for studying gauge theories that arise in the Standard Model and condensed matter physics. Yet many systems (or regimes of those systems) are difficult to study using conventional techniques, such as action-based Monte Carlo sampling. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of gauged Gaussian projected entangled pair states as an ansatz for a lattice gauge theory involving dynamical physical matter. We study a <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> gauge theory on a two dimensional lattice with a single flavor of fermionic matter on each lattice site. For small systems, our results show agreement with results computed by exactly diagonalizing the Hamiltonian, and demonstrate that the approach is computationally feasible for larger system sizes where exact results are unavailable. This is a further step on the road to studying higher dimensions and other gauge groups with manageable computational costs while avoiding the sign problem.</p>

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Projected entangled pair states for lattice gauge theories with dynamical fermions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Ariel Kelman,
  • Umberto Borla,
  • Patrick Emonts,
  • Erez Zohar

摘要

Lattice gauge theory is an important framework for studying gauge theories that arise in the Standard Model and condensed matter physics. Yet many systems (or regimes of those systems) are difficult to study using conventional techniques, such as action-based Monte Carlo sampling. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of gauged Gaussian projected entangled pair states as an ansatz for a lattice gauge theory involving dynamical physical matter. We study a \({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}\) Z 2 gauge theory on a two dimensional lattice with a single flavor of fermionic matter on each lattice site. For small systems, our results show agreement with results computed by exactly diagonalizing the Hamiltonian, and demonstrate that the approach is computationally feasible for larger system sizes where exact results are unavailable. This is a further step on the road to studying higher dimensions and other gauge groups with manageable computational costs while avoiding the sign problem.