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<p>Observing mediating structures in nonlocal transport is a cross-disciplinary challenge that spans disordered materials and turbulent fluids. The difficulty stems from the transient nature of mediators and nonlocal responses to probes, which renders indirect diagnostic and numerical simulations the most commonly used probing strategies. This study introduces a direct method using high-resolution spatiotemporal diagnostics in magnetically confined plasma to isolate two turbulence regimes: high-frequency local turbulence, which scales with temperature gradients and carries heat flux, and low-frequency nonlocal turbulence, which acts as a mediator and rapidly links distant regions. We observe temporal ordering as follows: immediately after heating, nonlocal turbulence appears, followed by local turbulence carrying the heat pulse. Shorter heating shifts the balance toward the nonlocal component. The impact of the mediator is quantified by the scaling <i>v</i>&#xa0;∝&#xa0;<i>s</i><sup>−1.06</sup> between the heat-pulse speed <i>v</i> and duration <i>s</i>, demonstrating that stronger departures from steady state enhance nonlocal transport. Correspondingly, the intensity ratio of the nonlocal-to-local turbulence increases as <i>s</i> shortens. This direct observation of nonlocal transport offers insights into mediator-enabled pathways and advances the understanding of nonlocal dynamics.</p>

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Direct observation of coexisting local and nonlocal turbulence in a magnetically confined plasma

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Naoki Kenmochi,
  • Katsumi Ida,
  • Tokihiko Tokuzawa,
  • Yoshinori Mizuno,
  • Ryo Yasuhara,
  • Hisamichi Funaba,
  • Hiyori Uehara,
  • Daniel J. Den Hartog,
  • Mikirou Yoshinuma,
  • Yuki Takemura,
  • Hiroe Igami,
  • Ryoma Yanai,
  • Toshiki Takeuchi

摘要

Observing mediating structures in nonlocal transport is a cross-disciplinary challenge that spans disordered materials and turbulent fluids. The difficulty stems from the transient nature of mediators and nonlocal responses to probes, which renders indirect diagnostic and numerical simulations the most commonly used probing strategies. This study introduces a direct method using high-resolution spatiotemporal diagnostics in magnetically confined plasma to isolate two turbulence regimes: high-frequency local turbulence, which scales with temperature gradients and carries heat flux, and low-frequency nonlocal turbulence, which acts as a mediator and rapidly links distant regions. We observe temporal ordering as follows: immediately after heating, nonlocal turbulence appears, followed by local turbulence carrying the heat pulse. Shorter heating shifts the balance toward the nonlocal component. The impact of the mediator is quantified by the scaling v ∝ s−1.06 between the heat-pulse speed v and duration s, demonstrating that stronger departures from steady state enhance nonlocal transport. Correspondingly, the intensity ratio of the nonlocal-to-local turbulence increases as s shortens. This direct observation of nonlocal transport offers insights into mediator-enabled pathways and advances the understanding of nonlocal dynamics.