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<p>Vortex lines, known as topological defects, are capable of trapping Majorana modes in superconducting topological materials. Previous studies have primarily focused on topological bands with conventional <i>s</i>-wave pairing. However, topological Dirac semimetals exhibiting a unique orbital texture can favor unconventional pairing when electronic correlations are significant. The topology of vortices in these systems remains elusive and unexplored. In this work, we investigate the vortex bound states in <i>C</i><sub>4<i>z</i></sub>-symmetric superconducting Dirac semimetals, with a particular focus on the orbital-singlet unconventional pairing, which generates higher-order Majorana hinge modes. We identify robust doubly-degenerate Majorana vortex flat bands at zero energy in both type-I and type-II Dirac semimetals. These doubly-degenerate flat bands arise from a nontrivial <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> topology defined by an effective particle-hole symmetry and are protected by the four-fold rotational symmetry. Additionally, we observe that moving the vortex line close to a hinge can trivialize the higher-order Majorana arc on the hinge, leaving a single Majorana mode at the vortex core due to the hybridization of Majorana modes. Finally, we discuss the potential experimental implications for correlated Dirac semimetals, such as electron-doped iron-based superconductors.</p>

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Double Majorana vortex flat bands in the topological Dirac superconductor

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Zhongyi Zhang,
  • Zixi Fang,
  • Shengshan Qin,
  • Peng Zhang,
  • Hoi Chun Po,
  • Xianxin Wu

摘要

Vortex lines, known as topological defects, are capable of trapping Majorana modes in superconducting topological materials. Previous studies have primarily focused on topological bands with conventional s-wave pairing. However, topological Dirac semimetals exhibiting a unique orbital texture can favor unconventional pairing when electronic correlations are significant. The topology of vortices in these systems remains elusive and unexplored. In this work, we investigate the vortex bound states in C4z-symmetric superconducting Dirac semimetals, with a particular focus on the orbital-singlet unconventional pairing, which generates higher-order Majorana hinge modes. We identify robust doubly-degenerate Majorana vortex flat bands at zero energy in both type-I and type-II Dirac semimetals. These doubly-degenerate flat bands arise from a nontrivial \({{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}\) Z 2 topology defined by an effective particle-hole symmetry and are protected by the four-fold rotational symmetry. Additionally, we observe that moving the vortex line close to a hinge can trivialize the higher-order Majorana arc on the hinge, leaving a single Majorana mode at the vortex core due to the hybridization of Majorana modes. Finally, we discuss the potential experimental implications for correlated Dirac semimetals, such as electron-doped iron-based superconductors.