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<p>Soft X-ray experiments at synchrotron light sources are essential for a wide range of research fields. However, commercially available detectors for this energy range often cannot deliver the necessary combination of quantum efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, speed, and radiation hardness within a single system. While hybrid detectors have addressed these challenges effectively in the hard X-ray regime, specifically with single photon counting pixel detectors extensively used in high-performance synchrotron applications, similar solutions are desired for energies below 2 keV. In this work, we introduce a single photon counting hybrid pixel detector capable of detecting X-ray energies as low as 550 eV, utilizing the internal amplification of Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensors. This detector is thoroughly characterized in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Detective Quantum Efficiency. We demonstrate its capabilities through ptychographic imaging at MAX IV 4th-generation synchrotron light source at the Fe L<sub>3</sub>-edge (707 eV), showcasing the enhanced detection performance of the system. This development sets a benchmark for soft X-ray applications at synchrotrons, paving the way for significant advancements in imaging and analysis at lower photon energies.</p>

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Single-photon counting pixel detector for soft X-rays

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Filippo Baruffaldi,
  • Anna Bergamaschi,
  • Maurizio Boscardin,
  • Martin Brückner,
  • Tim A. Butcher,
  • Maria Carulla,
  • Matteo Centis Vignali,
  • Roberto Dinapoli,
  • Simone Finizio,
  • Erik Fröjdh,
  • Dominic Greiffenberg,
  • Aldo Mozzanica,
  • Giovanni Paternoster,
  • Nicholas W. Phillips,
  • Jörg Raabe,
  • Bernd Schmitt,
  • Jiaguo Zhang

摘要

Soft X-ray experiments at synchrotron light sources are essential for a wide range of research fields. However, commercially available detectors for this energy range often cannot deliver the necessary combination of quantum efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, speed, and radiation hardness within a single system. While hybrid detectors have addressed these challenges effectively in the hard X-ray regime, specifically with single photon counting pixel detectors extensively used in high-performance synchrotron applications, similar solutions are desired for energies below 2 keV. In this work, we introduce a single photon counting hybrid pixel detector capable of detecting X-ray energies as low as 550 eV, utilizing the internal amplification of Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensors. This detector is thoroughly characterized in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Detective Quantum Efficiency. We demonstrate its capabilities through ptychographic imaging at MAX IV 4th-generation synchrotron light source at the Fe L3-edge (707 eV), showcasing the enhanced detection performance of the system. This development sets a benchmark for soft X-ray applications at synchrotrons, paving the way for significant advancements in imaging and analysis at lower photon energies.