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<p>Bose-Einstein condensates subjected to modulation of the interaction between atoms exhibit the emergence of density waves and matter-wave jets with a velocity proportional to the square root of the modulation frequency. Matter-wave jets have been studied in two- and one-dimensional systems showing that for sufficiently strong modulation additional higher harmonic matter-wave jets emerge. Here we report the experimental observation of incommensurable “golden” <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42005_2025_1937_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="26" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msqrt> <mrow> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> matter-wave jets in a Bose-Einstein condensate exposed to a single frequency interaction modulation. We study the formation of higher-order jets in quasi-one-dimensional geometry with numerical one dimensional (1D) Gross-Pitaevskii equation simulation. We explore the process of jet formation experimentally and theoretically for a wide range of modulation amplitudes and frequencies and establish a phase diagram delineating different regimes of jet formation. The observation of incommensurate jets provides a new route to an aperiodic density modulation of the condensate without employing an external potential.</p>

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Incommensurable matter-wave jets in quasi-1D geometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月7日

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  • Tadej Mežnaršič,
  • Rok Žitko,
  • Katja Gosar,
  • Jure Pirman,
  • Katja Arh,
  • Matevž Jug,
  • Erik Zupanič,
  • Peter Jeglič

摘要

Bose-Einstein condensates subjected to modulation of the interaction between atoms exhibit the emergence of density waves and matter-wave jets with a velocity proportional to the square root of the modulation frequency. Matter-wave jets have been studied in two- and one-dimensional systems showing that for sufficiently strong modulation additional higher harmonic matter-wave jets emerge. Here we report the experimental observation of incommensurable “golden” \(\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\) 1 + 5 2 matter-wave jets in a Bose-Einstein condensate exposed to a single frequency interaction modulation. We study the formation of higher-order jets in quasi-one-dimensional geometry with numerical one dimensional (1D) Gross-Pitaevskii equation simulation. We explore the process of jet formation experimentally and theoretically for a wide range of modulation amplitudes and frequencies and establish a phase diagram delineating different regimes of jet formation. The observation of incommensurate jets provides a new route to an aperiodic density modulation of the condensate without employing an external potential.