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<p>Rare-earth pyrochlore oxides <i>A</i>₂<i>B</i>₂O₇ provide a versatile platform for studying how geometrical frustration, strong spin–orbit coupling, and electronic correlations cooperate to generate unconventional magnetic and electronic states. Within this family, the iridium pyrochlores <i>A</i>₂Ir₂O₇ stand out due to the interplay between a 5<i>d</i> Ir sublattice and, in many members, a magnetic 4<i>f A</i>-site sublattice, giving rise to a hierarchy of coupled structural, magnetic, and transport phenomena. Recent theoretical proposals suggest that this interplay may support magnetic monopole-like excitations, both of spin-ice type and domain-wall origin, possibly carrying electric dipoles, thus enabling novel magnetoelectric responses. Although these excitations remain experimentally elusive, ongoing studies increasingly constrain their microscopic character. This review presents a unified framework linking lattice geometry, <i>f-d</i> exchange, and spin–orbit-driven anisotropies, summarises key experimental advances across the <i>A</i>₂Ir₂O₇ series, and outlines future research directions aimed at detecting and controlling magnetic monopole-like excitations through magnetic fields, electric fields, and lattice perturbations.</p>

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Frustrated magnetism in 227 rare-earth iridium pyrochlores

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Milan Klicpera

摘要

Rare-earth pyrochlore oxides A₂B₂O₇ provide a versatile platform for studying how geometrical frustration, strong spin–orbit coupling, and electronic correlations cooperate to generate unconventional magnetic and electronic states. Within this family, the iridium pyrochlores A₂Ir₂O₇ stand out due to the interplay between a 5d Ir sublattice and, in many members, a magnetic 4f A-site sublattice, giving rise to a hierarchy of coupled structural, magnetic, and transport phenomena. Recent theoretical proposals suggest that this interplay may support magnetic monopole-like excitations, both of spin-ice type and domain-wall origin, possibly carrying electric dipoles, thus enabling novel magnetoelectric responses. Although these excitations remain experimentally elusive, ongoing studies increasingly constrain their microscopic character. This review presents a unified framework linking lattice geometry, f-d exchange, and spin–orbit-driven anisotropies, summarises key experimental advances across the A₂Ir₂O₇ series, and outlines future research directions aimed at detecting and controlling magnetic monopole-like excitations through magnetic fields, electric fields, and lattice perturbations.