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<p>Graphene nanosheets from suspensions are key to applications such as in printable films, battery/supercapacitor electrodes, fillers in composite materials or catalyst supports. We present a straightforward method for achieving high-concentration and long-term stable graphene suspensions by liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) via a combination of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) as an easily removable additive together with low-boiling point, benign organic-water co-solvent mixtures as suspension media. We find that the addition of small amounts of NH<sub>3</sub> as an additive drastically improves the obtainable LPE graphene concentrations by up to 2 orders of magnitude for a wide range of organic-water co-solvent mixtures including with isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone, ethylene glycol and tert-butanol. With our approach we readily reach current benchmark graphene concentration values of ~180 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> that are normally only obtainable using hard-to-remove high-boiling-point and hazardous standard solvents like dimethylformamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolydone or with hard-to-remove surfactants. Notably, NH<sub>3</sub> as an additive is highly volatile and thus, as we show, easily removable without degrading the produced high quality graphene nanosheets.</p><p></p>

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Liquid phase exfoliation of graphene using ammonia as an easy-to-remove additive in low-boiling organic-water co-solvent suspensions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • Martin Nastran,
  • Paul Peschek,
  • Izabela Walendzik,
  • Jakob Rath,
  • Bernhard Fickl,
  • Jasmin S. Schubert,
  • Wolfgang Ipsmiller,
  • Andreas Bartl,
  • Gerd Mauschitz,
  • Gabriel Szabo,
  • Richard A. Wilhelm,
  • Jochen Schmidt,
  • Dominik Eder,
  • Bernhard C. Bayer

摘要

Graphene nanosheets from suspensions are key to applications such as in printable films, battery/supercapacitor electrodes, fillers in composite materials or catalyst supports. We present a straightforward method for achieving high-concentration and long-term stable graphene suspensions by liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) via a combination of ammonia (NH3) as an easily removable additive together with low-boiling point, benign organic-water co-solvent mixtures as suspension media. We find that the addition of small amounts of NH3 as an additive drastically improves the obtainable LPE graphene concentrations by up to 2 orders of magnitude for a wide range of organic-water co-solvent mixtures including with isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, acetone, ethylene glycol and tert-butanol. With our approach we readily reach current benchmark graphene concentration values of ~180 mg·L-1 that are normally only obtainable using hard-to-remove high-boiling-point and hazardous standard solvents like dimethylformamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolydone or with hard-to-remove surfactants. Notably, NH3 as an additive is highly volatile and thus, as we show, easily removable without degrading the produced high quality graphene nanosheets.