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<p>The brain’s capacity for information processing depends on precisely regulated energy dynamics. Yet how metabolic supply adapts to shifting computational demands across brain states remains unclear. Using wide-field fluorescence imaging through the intact skull of live mice, we simultaneously monitored brain blood volume (BBV), astrocytic pyruvate, and neuronal ATP levels during natural sleep. We found that large-scale metabolic dynamics are coupled to neuronal activity but reorganize in a state-dependent manner. During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, theta-band electrocorticogram (ECoG) activity predicted subsequent blood volume changes, accompanied by rapid anterior-to-posterior vascular waves. In contrast, REM sleep was marked by a pronounced increase in BBV, originating in the posterior cortex and slowly propagating across the brain. This was accompanied by elevated astrocytic pyruvate; paradoxically, however, neuronal ATP levels declined sharply. These findings reveal a dynamic interplay among neurons, astrocytes, and the vasculature, suggesting that distinct energy-allocation strategies underlie the brain’s computational flexibility.</p><p></p>

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Energy paradox in REM sleep: balancing supply and consumption in brain metabolism

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Yusuke Takahashi,
  • Yoko Ikoma,
  • Ko Matsui

摘要

The brain’s capacity for information processing depends on precisely regulated energy dynamics. Yet how metabolic supply adapts to shifting computational demands across brain states remains unclear. Using wide-field fluorescence imaging through the intact skull of live mice, we simultaneously monitored brain blood volume (BBV), astrocytic pyruvate, and neuronal ATP levels during natural sleep. We found that large-scale metabolic dynamics are coupled to neuronal activity but reorganize in a state-dependent manner. During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, theta-band electrocorticogram (ECoG) activity predicted subsequent blood volume changes, accompanied by rapid anterior-to-posterior vascular waves. In contrast, REM sleep was marked by a pronounced increase in BBV, originating in the posterior cortex and slowly propagating across the brain. This was accompanied by elevated astrocytic pyruvate; paradoxically, however, neuronal ATP levels declined sharply. These findings reveal a dynamic interplay among neurons, astrocytes, and the vasculature, suggesting that distinct energy-allocation strategies underlie the brain’s computational flexibility.