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<p>Oats are valuable for global food and forage security due to their excellent nutrition and polyploidy. Cultivated oats (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) are categorized into hulled and naked types based on lemma morphology, and naked oats possess superior processing and nutritional quality. Here, we decipher the genetic architecture of 666 globally collected oat accessions via population structure, genetic diversity and gene flow analyses, revealing genetic admixture and lineage differentiation driven by geographic isolation and divergent selection. Population evolutionary analyses indicate that Chinese naked oat landraces diverge from the Central and Eastern Eurasian hulled oats 6124 generations ago and undergo secondary domestication in North China under strong artificial selection. Multi-environment phenotyping of 19 traits from 2010 to 2021 reveals that hulled oats outperform in grain size and yield, while naked oats have higher crude protein (+25.5%) and crude fat (+16.9%). Genome-wide scans identify 883 directional selection genes related to nutrient metabolism, whereas balancing selection on carbon metabolism genes restricts yield potential. Furthermore, integrated GWAS identify three favorable haplotypes associated with favorable agronomic and quality traits, providing key genetic resources for oat molecular breeding.</p>

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Investigation of naked oat (Avena sativa ssp. nuda) domestication provides insights into yield and nutritional gaps in oats

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Xiaolong Dong,
  • Kaiquan Yu,
  • Zilin Zhao,
  • Wubishet A. Bekele,
  • Qinkun Li,
  • Laichun Guo,
  • Xiaotian Liang,
  • Xinyi Zhang,
  • Chunlong Wang,
  • Yongjie Zhang,
  • Xingjia Zhang,
  • Yuzhen Zhang,
  • Ruizhen Yang,
  • Changzhong Ren,
  • Yuanying Peng

摘要

Oats are valuable for global food and forage security due to their excellent nutrition and polyploidy. Cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.) are categorized into hulled and naked types based on lemma morphology, and naked oats possess superior processing and nutritional quality. Here, we decipher the genetic architecture of 666 globally collected oat accessions via population structure, genetic diversity and gene flow analyses, revealing genetic admixture and lineage differentiation driven by geographic isolation and divergent selection. Population evolutionary analyses indicate that Chinese naked oat landraces diverge from the Central and Eastern Eurasian hulled oats 6124 generations ago and undergo secondary domestication in North China under strong artificial selection. Multi-environment phenotyping of 19 traits from 2010 to 2021 reveals that hulled oats outperform in grain size and yield, while naked oats have higher crude protein (+25.5%) and crude fat (+16.9%). Genome-wide scans identify 883 directional selection genes related to nutrient metabolism, whereas balancing selection on carbon metabolism genes restricts yield potential. Furthermore, integrated GWAS identify three favorable haplotypes associated with favorable agronomic and quality traits, providing key genetic resources for oat molecular breeding.