<p>Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), produced by ovarian granulosa cells, is a key regulator of female reproduction. Traditionally seen as a local follicular brake, emerging evidence calls for a paradigm shift. We propose that AMH acts as a context-dependent signaling hub. It primarily signals via the Smad1/5/8 pathway and interacts with Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK cascades to regulate follicle growth and steroidogenesis. Beyond the ovary, AMH and its receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary, uterus, and placenta, modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and other reproductive processes. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding AMH as a context-dependent signaling hub in female mammals.</p><p></p>

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Molecular mechanisms and multi-organ regulatory roles of anti-Müllerian hormone in female reproduction

  • Jiahao Li,
  • Wenjun Zhu,
  • Yonghui Bu,
  • Li Li,
  • Hengxi Wei,
  • Shouquan Zhang

摘要

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), produced by ovarian granulosa cells, is a key regulator of female reproduction. Traditionally seen as a local follicular brake, emerging evidence calls for a paradigm shift. We propose that AMH acts as a context-dependent signaling hub. It primarily signals via the Smad1/5/8 pathway and interacts with Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK cascades to regulate follicle growth and steroidogenesis. Beyond the ovary, AMH and its receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary, uterus, and placenta, modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and other reproductive processes. This review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding AMH as a context-dependent signaling hub in female mammals.