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<p>The gut microbiota is vital to host health, yet the relative influence of host traits and environmental factors on fish gut microbiota dynamics remains underexplored. We investigated the ecological dynamics of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) gut microbiota by analysing 847 samples from wild and farmed salmon across diverse geographic regions, developmental phases, and associated diet and environmental microbiota. Farmed salmon exhibited reduced microbial diversity and distinct community composition with increased Bacillota and reduced Pseudomonadota compared to wild salmon. Microbial diversity declined with advancing developmental phases notably due to reduced Pseudomonadota and expanded <i>Mycoplasma</i>. Diet was the primary contributor (~ 23%) to farmed salmon microbiota, with environmental inputs varying by region and phase. These findings highlight the importance of aquaculture practices guided by microbiota insights, while emphasize the need to preserve microbial diversity in wild populations to enhance resilience against environmental pressures, contributing to both sustainable farming and conservation strategies.</p>

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Ecological dynamics of the Atlantic salmon gut microbiota across developmental phases and geographic regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Wasimuddin,
  • Håkon Pedersen Kaspersen,
  • Snorre Gulla,
  • Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon,
  • Frederik Duus Møller,
  • Samantha White,
  • Simon MacKenzie,
  • Arne Holst-Jensen,
  • Ottavia Benedicenti

摘要

The gut microbiota is vital to host health, yet the relative influence of host traits and environmental factors on fish gut microbiota dynamics remains underexplored. We investigated the ecological dynamics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) gut microbiota by analysing 847 samples from wild and farmed salmon across diverse geographic regions, developmental phases, and associated diet and environmental microbiota. Farmed salmon exhibited reduced microbial diversity and distinct community composition with increased Bacillota and reduced Pseudomonadota compared to wild salmon. Microbial diversity declined with advancing developmental phases notably due to reduced Pseudomonadota and expanded Mycoplasma. Diet was the primary contributor (~ 23%) to farmed salmon microbiota, with environmental inputs varying by region and phase. These findings highlight the importance of aquaculture practices guided by microbiota insights, while emphasize the need to preserve microbial diversity in wild populations to enhance resilience against environmental pressures, contributing to both sustainable farming and conservation strategies.