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<p>Maternal immune activation during pregnancy has been associated with abnormal infant neurodevelopment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we enrolled pregnant individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection into a cohort study conducted in Los Angeles, United States, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and monitored their infants for neurodevelopmental outcomes. We reported a ten-fold higher rate of developmental delay in 172 SARS-CoV-2-exposed children (11.6%) compared to 128 pre-pandemic controls (1.6%) and a nearly 2-fold higher frequency of positive screens for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 218 SARS-CoV-2-exposed (10.1%) children as compared to 527 unexposed control children (5.7%) evaluated through standardized developmental tools. To identify potential biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2-associated risk of abnormal infant neurodevelopment, we evaluated the serum immunoprofiles of a subset of mother-infant dyads from this cohort. Serum proteomics profiling of 34 newborns (27 SARS-CoV-2-exposed and 7 controls) revealed 62 biomarkers dysregulated in SARS-CoV-2-exposed children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, including activation of nicotinamide biosynthesis, microglial cells, and neutrophil extravasation. Maternal serum profiling of 51 women (33 SARS-CoV-2-positive and 18 controls) identified 34 biomarkers associated with upregulated apoptosis signaling in COVID-19 affected pregnancies. Our findings suggest prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection is potentially associated with dysregulation of maternal-infant peripheral immunity profiles reportedly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.</p>

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Maternal-infant immune signatures in infants at risk for SARS-CoV-2-associated neurodevelopmental disorders

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Viviana Fajardo-Martinez,
  • Fatima Ferreira,
  • Gielenny M. Salem,
  • Tawny Saleh,
  • Jyodi Mohole,
  • Trevon Fuller,
  • Mary Catherine Cambou,
  • Tara Kerin,
  • Rashmi Rao,
  • Dajie Zhang,
  • Peter Marschik,
  • Rujuta B. Wilson,
  • Maria Elisabeth L. Moreira,
  • Jae U. Jung,
  • Weiqiang Chen,
  • Suan-Sin Foo,
  • Patricia Brasil,
  • Karin Nielsen-Saines

摘要

Maternal immune activation during pregnancy has been associated with abnormal infant neurodevelopment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we enrolled pregnant individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection into a cohort study conducted in Los Angeles, United States, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and monitored their infants for neurodevelopmental outcomes. We reported a ten-fold higher rate of developmental delay in 172 SARS-CoV-2-exposed children (11.6%) compared to 128 pre-pandemic controls (1.6%) and a nearly 2-fold higher frequency of positive screens for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 218 SARS-CoV-2-exposed (10.1%) children as compared to 527 unexposed control children (5.7%) evaluated through standardized developmental tools. To identify potential biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2-associated risk of abnormal infant neurodevelopment, we evaluated the serum immunoprofiles of a subset of mother-infant dyads from this cohort. Serum proteomics profiling of 34 newborns (27 SARS-CoV-2-exposed and 7 controls) revealed 62 biomarkers dysregulated in SARS-CoV-2-exposed children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, including activation of nicotinamide biosynthesis, microglial cells, and neutrophil extravasation. Maternal serum profiling of 51 women (33 SARS-CoV-2-positive and 18 controls) identified 34 biomarkers associated with upregulated apoptosis signaling in COVID-19 affected pregnancies. Our findings suggest prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection is potentially associated with dysregulation of maternal-infant peripheral immunity profiles reportedly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.