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<p>The evolution of plant hydraulics reflects a trade-off between efficiency and safety, between maximizing water transport while preventing embolism spread. Two major lineages achieved this balance differently: conifers and Gingko optimized safety through low resistance torus-margo pits, while angiosperms maximized hydraulic efficiency through long, wide vessels. It is therefore striking that no lineage evolved a “hybrid” design combining the efficiency of vessels with the low resistance of margo membranes with potential exception of Ephedraceae. Here we use a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches to show that the geometry of vessels inherently limits the pressure differentials required for torus-margo function.</p>

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Torus-margo pits cannot function in vessel-bearing angiosperms

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Maciej Zwieniecki,
  • Aude Tixier,
  • Jessica Orozco,
  • Keunhwan Park,
  • Anneline H. Christensen,
  • Sif Fink Arnbjerg-Nielsen,
  • Kaare H. Jensen

摘要

The evolution of plant hydraulics reflects a trade-off between efficiency and safety, between maximizing water transport while preventing embolism spread. Two major lineages achieved this balance differently: conifers and Gingko optimized safety through low resistance torus-margo pits, while angiosperms maximized hydraulic efficiency through long, wide vessels. It is therefore striking that no lineage evolved a “hybrid” design combining the efficiency of vessels with the low resistance of margo membranes with potential exception of Ephedraceae. Here we use a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches to show that the geometry of vessels inherently limits the pressure differentials required for torus-margo function.