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<p>Secretory phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>-IIA (sPLA<sub>2</sub>-IIA) is a bactericidal enzyme that hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids, releasing lipid metabolites that can affect inflammation. sPLA<sub>2</sub>-IIA exhibits poor activity toward eukaryotic cells but preferentially targets gram-positive bacterial membranes. While sPLA<sub>2</sub>-IIA is constitutively expressed in the intestine and upregulated by inflammation in various bodily fluids, its precise physiological substrates remain debated. Intriguingly, sPLA<sub>2</sub>-IIA can modulate the intestinal lipidome without altering the microbiota composition. Here, we investigated whether sPLA<sub>2</sub>-IIA could use membranes from bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) as alternative substrates to modulate immune signaling. We found that bEVs from both <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> could mitigate the bactericidal effects of sPLA<sub>2</sub>-IIA on gram-positive bacteria. Enzymatic hydrolysis of bacteria, bEVs and fecal extracellular vesicles released distinct lipid metabolites and differentially impacted Toll-like receptor activation. These findings suggest that sPLA<sub>2</sub>-IIA can use bEVs as substrates and modulate inflammatory signaling through the generation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thus linking bacterial lipid metabolism to host immune response.</p><p></p>

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Secretory phospholipase A2-IIA targets bacterial extracellular vesicles to modulate immune signaling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Etienne Doré,
  • Ève Bérubé,
  • Karine Greffard,
  • Satoshi Morozumi,
  • Valérie Chénard,
  • Guillaume Lemaire,
  • Isabelle Allaeys,
  • Tania Lévesque,
  • Iwona Rudkowska,
  • Alain R. Brisson,
  • Gérard Lambeau,
  • Nicolas Bertrand,
  • Maurice Boissinot,
  • Makoto Arita,
  • Jean-François Bilodeau,
  • Sandra Isabel,
  • Eric Boilard

摘要

Secretory phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is a bactericidal enzyme that hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids, releasing lipid metabolites that can affect inflammation. sPLA2-IIA exhibits poor activity toward eukaryotic cells but preferentially targets gram-positive bacterial membranes. While sPLA2-IIA is constitutively expressed in the intestine and upregulated by inflammation in various bodily fluids, its precise physiological substrates remain debated. Intriguingly, sPLA2-IIA can modulate the intestinal lipidome without altering the microbiota composition. Here, we investigated whether sPLA2-IIA could use membranes from bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) as alternative substrates to modulate immune signaling. We found that bEVs from both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli could mitigate the bactericidal effects of sPLA2-IIA on gram-positive bacteria. Enzymatic hydrolysis of bacteria, bEVs and fecal extracellular vesicles released distinct lipid metabolites and differentially impacted Toll-like receptor activation. These findings suggest that sPLA2-IIA can use bEVs as substrates and modulate inflammatory signaling through the generation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, thus linking bacterial lipid metabolism to host immune response.