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<p>Phloem-sucking hemipterans maintain obligate, heritable symbiotic bacteria to overcome nutritional deficiencies caused by their unbalanced diet. While some groups retain ancient primary symbionts, others supplement or replace them with additional symbionts conferring adaptive benefits. Here, we explore the diversity and evolutionary dynamics of multiple endosymbionts in psyllids of the genus <i>Cacopsylla</i>. While the primary symbiont <i>Carsonella</i> is found in all analysed species, the ancient co-primary symbiont <i>Psyllophila</i> is absent in <i>Cacopsylla pyrisuga</i>, which instead harbours a <i>Sodalis</i> symbiont with a larger genome, located in the syncytium of the bacteriome. Phylogenomic analyses demonstrated co-divergence of <i>Carsonella</i> and <i>Psyllophila</i> with their hosts, whereas the occurrence of closely related <i>Sodalis</i> across different psyllid lineages indicates several independent acquisitions. The presence of additional facultative <i>Sodalis</i> and <i>Serratia</i> symbionts further highlights the dynamic host-symbiont relationships in psyllids and their essential roles in insect niche adaptation and evolution.</p><p></p>

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Evolutionary dynamics of obligate endosymbiosis in the psyllid genus Cacopsylla

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Erika Corretto,
  • Liliya Štarhová Serbina,
  • Jessica Dittmer,
  • Anna Michalik,
  • Hannes Schuler

摘要

Phloem-sucking hemipterans maintain obligate, heritable symbiotic bacteria to overcome nutritional deficiencies caused by their unbalanced diet. While some groups retain ancient primary symbionts, others supplement or replace them with additional symbionts conferring adaptive benefits. Here, we explore the diversity and evolutionary dynamics of multiple endosymbionts in psyllids of the genus Cacopsylla. While the primary symbiont Carsonella is found in all analysed species, the ancient co-primary symbiont Psyllophila is absent in Cacopsylla pyrisuga, which instead harbours a Sodalis symbiont with a larger genome, located in the syncytium of the bacteriome. Phylogenomic analyses demonstrated co-divergence of Carsonella and Psyllophila with their hosts, whereas the occurrence of closely related Sodalis across different psyllid lineages indicates several independent acquisitions. The presence of additional facultative Sodalis and Serratia symbionts further highlights the dynamic host-symbiont relationships in psyllids and their essential roles in insect niche adaptation and evolution.