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<p>Recent research on the Nariokotome Boy’s ribcage suggests the slender thorax of modern <i>H. sapiens</i> is a derived condition. However, since digital ribcage reconstructions of fossil <i>H. sapiens</i> are not available yet, it is unknown whether these individuals would have had a primitive or derived thorax. To address this issue, we first reconstructed the ribcages of Nazlet Khater 2, Ohalo II H2, Dolní Věstonice 13, and Ötzi. We used geometric morphometrics to compare them to 59 recent <i>H. sapiens</i> and three other <i>Homo</i> fossils (Nariokotome Boy, Kebara 2, Shanidar 3). Fossil <i>H. sapiens</i> ribcages exhibit the typical globular proportions of recent humans. Additionally, size and shape seem to be climate-dependent: smaller, cylindrical ribcages in warmer and more temperate climates (Nazlet Khater 2, Ohalo II H2) contrasted with larger, broader ribcages in colder climates (Dolní Věstonice 13). The ribcage of Ötzi presented mixed features, something that could have been beneficial for seasonal alpine transhumance. This suggests <i>H. sapiens</i> ribcage morphology encompasses both slender and stockier forms, highlighting that human anatomical variation might be more complex and context-dependent than previously thought.</p>

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Fossil ribcages of Homo sapiens provide new insights into modern human evolution

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • José M. López-Rey,
  • Isabelle Crevecoeur,
  • Hila May,
  • Dani Nadel,
  • Carlos A. Palancar,
  • Marta Gómez-Recio,
  • Daniel García-Martínez,
  • Markus Bastir

摘要

Recent research on the Nariokotome Boy’s ribcage suggests the slender thorax of modern H. sapiens is a derived condition. However, since digital ribcage reconstructions of fossil H. sapiens are not available yet, it is unknown whether these individuals would have had a primitive or derived thorax. To address this issue, we first reconstructed the ribcages of Nazlet Khater 2, Ohalo II H2, Dolní Věstonice 13, and Ötzi. We used geometric morphometrics to compare them to 59 recent H. sapiens and three other Homo fossils (Nariokotome Boy, Kebara 2, Shanidar 3). Fossil H. sapiens ribcages exhibit the typical globular proportions of recent humans. Additionally, size and shape seem to be climate-dependent: smaller, cylindrical ribcages in warmer and more temperate climates (Nazlet Khater 2, Ohalo II H2) contrasted with larger, broader ribcages in colder climates (Dolní Věstonice 13). The ribcage of Ötzi presented mixed features, something that could have been beneficial for seasonal alpine transhumance. This suggests H. sapiens ribcage morphology encompasses both slender and stockier forms, highlighting that human anatomical variation might be more complex and context-dependent than previously thought.