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<p>The direct electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> at an electrolyte-free cathode to generate liquid chemical products with high concentration, selectivity and stability is highly desired, yet extremely challenging, and such systems are lacking. Here we report a high-flux membrane electrode assembly design that uses core–shell structural Cu/Bi nanowires grown on three-dimensional Cu foam with a mean pore size of 190 μm (3D-Cu/Bi) as the cathode. Benefiting from the abundant active sites and high permeability of 3D-Cu/Bi, the catholyte-free membrane electrode assembly-based electrolyser can directly convert CO<sub>2</sub> into formate with a high concentration of 4.5 M and maintain a high Faradaic efficiency of ~90% for 8,000 h at 200 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. We further demonstrate the continuous production of concentrated formate solution with a scaled-up 100 cm<sup>2</sup> electrolyser at 20 A for over 2,000 h.</p><p></p>

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A high-flux membrane electrode assembly for CO2 electroreduction to 4.5 M formate with over 8,000 h stability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Jing-Jing Li,
  • Hong-Juan Wang,
  • Chao Zhang,
  • Yu Li,
  • Jiqing Jiao,
  • Lin-Lin Wang,
  • Cuo Wu,
  • Di-Chang Zhong,
  • Zhen-Yu Wu,
  • Zi-You Yu,
  • Tong-Bu Lu

摘要

The direct electroreduction of CO2 at an electrolyte-free cathode to generate liquid chemical products with high concentration, selectivity and stability is highly desired, yet extremely challenging, and such systems are lacking. Here we report a high-flux membrane electrode assembly design that uses core–shell structural Cu/Bi nanowires grown on three-dimensional Cu foam with a mean pore size of 190 μm (3D-Cu/Bi) as the cathode. Benefiting from the abundant active sites and high permeability of 3D-Cu/Bi, the catholyte-free membrane electrode assembly-based electrolyser can directly convert CO2 into formate with a high concentration of 4.5 M and maintain a high Faradaic efficiency of ~90% for 8,000 h at 200 mA cm−2. We further demonstrate the continuous production of concentrated formate solution with a scaled-up 100 cm2 electrolyser at 20 A for over 2,000 h.