Sweet spots for nitrogen reduction in a coastal watershed
摘要
Reducing nitrogen delivery to coastal waters is a ‘wicked problem’ that involves trade-offs among environmental, economic and social need domains. Because these trade-offs arise from spatial and temporal complexities in sources and sinks of this element, we hypothesized that a transdisciplinary focus on disproportionality could enable the identification of ‘sweet spots’ where multiple factors converge to create opportunities to control nitrogen flux. We applied this approach to the region of Baltimore, MD, USA, by mapping stream reaches with high nitrogen concentrations, hydrologic conditions that facilitate high rates of nitrogen removal following stream restoration, a high household willingness to pay for restoration projects and a high social need for restoration, and subsequently identifying locations where these factors converge to create sweet spots. Our analysis indicates that sweet spots that optimize environmental, economic and social need components of sustainability may be rare in cities across the USA. The desire to bundle multiple benefits in the budgeting for environmental interventions such as stream restoration may create a suboptimal distribution of these interventions.