Scalable flow-through device for electrochemical water treatment without secondary pollution
摘要
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), capable of removing various organic pollutants under mild conditions, have the potential to safeguard the water environment and deliver safe water supply. However, their implementation has been severely hampered by limited scalability caused by the need for a supporting electrolyte, half-cell operation and small working area. Here we report a membrane electrode assembly device for EAOP-based water treatment. Leveraging the assembly of a gas diffusion electrode and a reactive electrochemical membrane, this design combines and boosts oxygen reduction reaction and anodic oxidation for the removal of micropollutants even at concentrations as low as several nanograms per litre. More importantly, it is easily scalable to build either parallel or tandem stacks to improve treatment performance. Sixteen top persistent organic pollutants were efficiently removed (>92%) at a low cell-operation voltage of only 2 V with a long operation stability of at least 5,000 h. Life-cycle techno-economic analysis indicates the potential for large-scale applications. Overall, this study presents a scalable EAOP device design that has the potential to pave the way to sustainable water purification.