Challenges and opportunities for the governance of hydropower
摘要
More than 3,700 hydropower dams with capacities of over 1 MW are planned or under construction across the global south, repeating many past environmental and social problems. The World Commission on Dams issued guidelines in 2000, but major dam-building nations dismissed them as impractical. A quarter of a century later, the net benefits of large dams remain contested, yet the context has shifted. Climate change narratives, China’s leadership, private investment, environmental justice movements and multi-level governance now shape hydropower development. This landscape creates opportunities for better governance, strategic planning and community involvement, as well as for new research on hybrid systems, transboundary contexts and China’s political–economic dynamics.