<p>We demonstrate Andreev pair injection across Nb-WS<sub>2</sub> junction evident as Andreev reflection in differential conductivity spectra below Nb critical temperature <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41699_2025_553_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({T}_{c}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The superconducting- 2D semiconducting junction defined by a focused ion beam, shaped Nb pads, and semi-dry transfer of single layer CVD-grown WS<sub>2</sub> crystals ensured the mechanical integrity of the 2D TMD film, reduced contamination and defects at Nb-WS<sub>2</sub> junction, enabling the pristine study of the interface and facilitating Andreev pair injection. We observed enhanced conductivity in <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41699_2025_553_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({dI}/{dV}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">dI</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi mathvariant="italic">dV</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> spectra for junction voltages smaller than the corresponding Nb superconducting gap, which vanishes as the device temperature is increased above the <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41699_2025_553_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({T}_{c}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The position and the temperature dependence of the conductivity peaks suggest proximity effect-related phenomena explained by developed modified BTK theory. The presented results are crucial for the future implementation of proximity-based 2D hybrid devices including quantum light sources and superconducting field-effect transistors based on superconductor-semiconductor junctions.</p>

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Andreev pair injection into a transition metal dichalcogenide monolayer

  • D. Panna,
  • R. Itzhak,
  • A. Kumar,
  • S. Bouscher,
  • N. Suleymanov,
  • B. Minkovich,
  • Z. Gan,
  • A. George,
  • A. Turchanin,
  • I. Goykhman,
  • A. Hayat

摘要

We demonstrate Andreev pair injection across Nb-WS2 junction evident as Andreev reflection in differential conductivity spectra below Nb critical temperature \({T}_{c}\) T c . The superconducting- 2D semiconducting junction defined by a focused ion beam, shaped Nb pads, and semi-dry transfer of single layer CVD-grown WS2 crystals ensured the mechanical integrity of the 2D TMD film, reduced contamination and defects at Nb-WS2 junction, enabling the pristine study of the interface and facilitating Andreev pair injection. We observed enhanced conductivity in \({dI}/{dV}\) dI / dV spectra for junction voltages smaller than the corresponding Nb superconducting gap, which vanishes as the device temperature is increased above the \({T}_{c}\) T c . The position and the temperature dependence of the conductivity peaks suggest proximity effect-related phenomena explained by developed modified BTK theory. The presented results are crucial for the future implementation of proximity-based 2D hybrid devices including quantum light sources and superconducting field-effect transistors based on superconductor-semiconductor junctions.