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<p>The interlayer interactions in van der Waals (vdW) materials are imprinted in their low-frequency rigid-layer phonon spectra. Investigating the symmetries of these phonon modes offers a pathway to generate optical anisotropy in the terahertz range. Here, we employ polarization-sensitive terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to study a sample of clinochlore, a naturally abundant, large bandgap vdW mineral. Our measurements revealed a pronounced anisotropic feature in the complex refractive index spectrum near 1.13 THz, consistent with shear modes predicted by our density-functional perturbation theory that accounts for impurities in the mineral. Polarimetry analysis revealed that this shear phonon anisotropy reshapes the polarization state of transmitted terahertz waves, inducing both Faraday rotation and ellipticity. Furthermore, we applied Jones formalism to interpret the phononic symmetries and describe our observations in terms of its polarization eigenstates. These results highlight the potential of exploring vdW minerals as central building blocks for vdW heterostructures with compelling technological applications.</p>

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Shaping terahertz waves using anisotropic shear modes in a van der Waals mineral

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月19日

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  • Nicolas M. Kawahala,
  • Daniel A. Matos,
  • Raphaela de Oliveira,
  • Raphael Longuinhos,
  • Jenaina Ribeiro-Soares,
  • Ingrid D. Barcelos,
  • Felix G. G. Hernandez

摘要

The interlayer interactions in van der Waals (vdW) materials are imprinted in their low-frequency rigid-layer phonon spectra. Investigating the symmetries of these phonon modes offers a pathway to generate optical anisotropy in the terahertz range. Here, we employ polarization-sensitive terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to study a sample of clinochlore, a naturally abundant, large bandgap vdW mineral. Our measurements revealed a pronounced anisotropic feature in the complex refractive index spectrum near 1.13 THz, consistent with shear modes predicted by our density-functional perturbation theory that accounts for impurities in the mineral. Polarimetry analysis revealed that this shear phonon anisotropy reshapes the polarization state of transmitted terahertz waves, inducing both Faraday rotation and ellipticity. Furthermore, we applied Jones formalism to interpret the phononic symmetries and describe our observations in terms of its polarization eigenstates. These results highlight the potential of exploring vdW minerals as central building blocks for vdW heterostructures with compelling technological applications.