Endoplasmic reticulum stress in brain metastatic cascade
摘要
Brain metastases remain a major clinical challenge in oncology. Yet their formation is a highly selective and inefficient process in which disseminated tumor cells must survive multiple transitions, each imposing distinct cellular stresses. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response may regulate metastatic progression. Chronic reliance on ER stress signaling may create targetable vulnerabilities. This review explores ER stress as a molecular compass guiding tumor adaptation across the metastatic cascade.