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<p>Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is increasingly being used for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study investigates how NAT differentially impacts PDAC’s carcinoma cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Spatial transcriptomics was used to compare gene expression profiles in carcinoma cells and the TME of 23 NAT-treated versus 13 NAT-naïve PDACs. Findings were validated by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis. NAT induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of carcinoma cells and coordinately upregulates multiple complement genes (C1R, C1S, C3, C4B and C7) within the TME. Higher TME complement expression following NAT is associated with increased immunomodulatory and neurotrophic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs); more CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells; reduced immune exhaustion gene expression, and improved overall survival. snRNA-seq analysis demonstrates C3 complement is mainly upregulated in CAFs. These findings suggest that local complement dynamics could serve as a novel biomarker for prognosis, evaluating treatment response, and guiding therapeutic strategies in NAT-treated PDAC patients.</p>

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Complement activation in tumor microenvironment after neoadjuvant therapy and its impact on pancreatic cancer outcomes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Xiaofei Zhang,
  • Ruoxin Lan,
  • Yongjun Liu,
  • Venu G. Pillarisetty,
  • Danting Li,
  • Chaohui L. Zhao,
  • Suparna A. Sarkar,
  • Weiguo Liu,
  • Iman Hanna,
  • Mala Gupta,
  • Cristina Hajdu,
  • Jonathan Melamed,
  • Michael Shusterman,
  • Jessica Widmer,
  • John Allendorf,
  • Yao-Zhong Liu

摘要

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is increasingly being used for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study investigates how NAT differentially impacts PDAC’s carcinoma cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Spatial transcriptomics was used to compare gene expression profiles in carcinoma cells and the TME of 23 NAT-treated versus 13 NAT-naïve PDACs. Findings were validated by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis. NAT induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of carcinoma cells and coordinately upregulates multiple complement genes (C1R, C1S, C3, C4B and C7) within the TME. Higher TME complement expression following NAT is associated with increased immunomodulatory and neurotrophic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs); more CD4+ T cells; reduced immune exhaustion gene expression, and improved overall survival. snRNA-seq analysis demonstrates C3 complement is mainly upregulated in CAFs. These findings suggest that local complement dynamics could serve as a novel biomarker for prognosis, evaluating treatment response, and guiding therapeutic strategies in NAT-treated PDAC patients.