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<p>Entrainment rate parameterization is important for convection schemes but uncertain in climate models. A new deep convective entrainment rate (<i>λ</i>) parameterization (HL parameterization) is developed from aircraft observations and implemented into the convection scheme (Song and Zhang, 2018, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001191">https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001191</a>) in the Community Integrated Earth System Model version 1.1.0, replacing the previously used parameterization (Gregory parameterization). Compared with the Gregory parameterization, the HL parameterization simulates overall larger <i>λ</i> values and improves convective and large-scale precipitation simulations in the 30°S-30°N region, agreeing better with observations. The mechanism is that the HL parameterization suppresses deep convective cloud development macrophysically and microphysically compared with the Gregory parameterization. Indirectly, compared with the Gregory parameterization, the HL parameterization increases large-scale precipitation and reduces shallow convective precipitation, lowering total precipitation closer to observations. The HL parameterization enhances the model’s ability to simulate precipitation, providing a valuable reference for improving the deep convection scheme in climate models.</p>

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Improving precipitation simulations in CIESM through a new entrainment rate parameterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Xin He,
  • Chunsong Lu,
  • Guang J. Zhang,
  • Junjun Li,
  • Lei Zhu,
  • Hengqi Wang,
  • Te Li,
  • Xiaohao Guo,
  • Sinan Gao,
  • Yuhao Lin,
  • Kai Yang,
  • Wenhui Liu

摘要

Entrainment rate parameterization is important for convection schemes but uncertain in climate models. A new deep convective entrainment rate (λ) parameterization (HL parameterization) is developed from aircraft observations and implemented into the convection scheme (Song and Zhang, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001191) in the Community Integrated Earth System Model version 1.1.0, replacing the previously used parameterization (Gregory parameterization). Compared with the Gregory parameterization, the HL parameterization simulates overall larger λ values and improves convective and large-scale precipitation simulations in the 30°S-30°N region, agreeing better with observations. The mechanism is that the HL parameterization suppresses deep convective cloud development macrophysically and microphysically compared with the Gregory parameterization. Indirectly, compared with the Gregory parameterization, the HL parameterization increases large-scale precipitation and reduces shallow convective precipitation, lowering total precipitation closer to observations. The HL parameterization enhances the model’s ability to simulate precipitation, providing a valuable reference for improving the deep convection scheme in climate models.