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<p>Brown carbon (BrC) holds scientific significance by influencing radiative balance, cloud condensation dynamics, and regional air quality. This study demonstrated that heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) emit substantially higher levels of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols under aggressive conditions, such as frequent acceleration and high-speed phases, by investigating the emission profiles, formula distribution, and chromophore characteristics under various driving conditions. A non-targeted analysis of BrC was performed using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with a soft electrospray ionization source. The light absorption properties were assessed and revealed significantly higher light absorption during frequent acceleration and high-speed phases compared to low-speed phases. Formula distribution analysis highlighted a substantial presence of nitrogen-containing species, constituting 53–65% of the identified peaks, with high O/N ratios (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41612_2025_1034_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ge\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>≥</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 3), double bond equivalent values (DBE &gt; 10), and aromaticity equivalent (X<sub>c</sub> <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41612_2025_1034_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ge\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>≥</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> 2.5), which indicated the substantial contribution of aromatic structures, condensed aromatics, and nitrooxy functionalities to BrC chromophores.</p><p></p>

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Significant N-containing brown carbon emission from heavy-duty diesel vehicles revealed by the molecular and chromophore analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Xiao He,
  • Xuan Zheng,
  • Bin Jiang,
  • Xubing Cao,
  • Ting Chen,
  • Shuwen Guo,
  • Zhiyuan Li,
  • Yan Ding,
  • Shaojun Zhang,
  • Yuan Cheng,
  • Jingkun Jiang,
  • Shuxiao Wang,
  • Ye Wu

摘要

Brown carbon (BrC) holds scientific significance by influencing radiative balance, cloud condensation dynamics, and regional air quality. This study demonstrated that heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) emit substantially higher levels of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols under aggressive conditions, such as frequent acceleration and high-speed phases, by investigating the emission profiles, formula distribution, and chromophore characteristics under various driving conditions. A non-targeted analysis of BrC was performed using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with a soft electrospray ionization source. The light absorption properties were assessed and revealed significantly higher light absorption during frequent acceleration and high-speed phases compared to low-speed phases. Formula distribution analysis highlighted a substantial presence of nitrogen-containing species, constituting 53–65% of the identified peaks, with high O/N ratios ( \(\ge\) ≥ 3), double bond equivalent values (DBE > 10), and aromaticity equivalent (Xc \(\ge\) ≥ 2.5), which indicated the substantial contribution of aromatic structures, condensed aromatics, and nitrooxy functionalities to BrC chromophores.