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<p>This study developed a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model to simulate the propagation of ground vibrations induced by high-speed trains (HSTs) traversing tracks with irregularities. The dynamic interaction between wheels and rails was first analyzed using a coupled multibody vehicle model integrated with randomly generated track irregularities defined by power spectral density (PSD) functions. The resulting dynamic loads were then incorporated into a validated 3D finite-difference model to simulate vibration propagation and assess mitigation measures. Unlike previous studies that considered vibration generation and mitigation separately, the proposed framework integrates stochastic track irregularities, vehicle–track interaction, and Wave Impeding Barrier (WIB) performance assessment within a single 3D time-domain model. The numerical framework was subsequently applied to evaluate the influence of track irregularity conditions, subgrade soil stiffness, and WIBs on vibration propagation characteristics. The results demonstrate a direct correlation between track unevenness and vibration intensity, with more pronounced irregularities leading to higher vibration levels. Increasing soil stiffness from 5&#xa0;MPa to 50&#xa0;MPa reduced vibration amplitudes by approximately 60%. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that a strategically placed WIB is a highly effective countermeasure for reducing ground vibrations induced in soft soils. A WIB with sufficient width larger than the wavelength (λ) can achieve isolation efficiency ranging from 50 to 70% up to 20&#xa0;m from the track, bringing vibration levels closer to human comfort thresholds even under poor track conditions. The proposed framework provides a reliable computational tool for vibration assessment and mitigation in high-speed railway corridors.</p>

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Integrated 3D modeling of train-induced ground vibrations considering track irregularities and wave impeding barrier performance under different subgrade stiffness conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Hussein Hadi Hussein,
  • Mohannad Mhanna

摘要

This study developed a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model to simulate the propagation of ground vibrations induced by high-speed trains (HSTs) traversing tracks with irregularities. The dynamic interaction between wheels and rails was first analyzed using a coupled multibody vehicle model integrated with randomly generated track irregularities defined by power spectral density (PSD) functions. The resulting dynamic loads were then incorporated into a validated 3D finite-difference model to simulate vibration propagation and assess mitigation measures. Unlike previous studies that considered vibration generation and mitigation separately, the proposed framework integrates stochastic track irregularities, vehicle–track interaction, and Wave Impeding Barrier (WIB) performance assessment within a single 3D time-domain model. The numerical framework was subsequently applied to evaluate the influence of track irregularity conditions, subgrade soil stiffness, and WIBs on vibration propagation characteristics. The results demonstrate a direct correlation between track unevenness and vibration intensity, with more pronounced irregularities leading to higher vibration levels. Increasing soil stiffness from 5 MPa to 50 MPa reduced vibration amplitudes by approximately 60%. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that a strategically placed WIB is a highly effective countermeasure for reducing ground vibrations induced in soft soils. A WIB with sufficient width larger than the wavelength (λ) can achieve isolation efficiency ranging from 50 to 70% up to 20 m from the track, bringing vibration levels closer to human comfort thresholds even under poor track conditions. The proposed framework provides a reliable computational tool for vibration assessment and mitigation in high-speed railway corridors.