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<p>Obesity represents a major global public health challenge, particularly among women, and is associated with adverse metabolic and endocrine outcomes. his study evaluated the effects of ketogenic, intermittent fasting (IF), and semi-vegetarian diets, alone or combined with home-based exercise, on anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in women with obesity. The study employed a pretest–posttest controlled experimental design with 108 women aged 19–45&#xa0;years, comprising 96 participants with obesity and 12 with normal body weight. Participants were assigned to nine groups: control (C), obese (O), obese with exercise (OE), obese with exercise plus semi-vegetarian diet (OEVD), obese with semi-vegetarian diet (OVD), obese with exercise plus intermittent fasting (OEIF), obese with intermittent fasting (OIF), obese with exercise plus ketogenic diet (OEKD), and obese with ketogenic diet (OKD). Participants completed ketogenic, intermittent fasting (IF), or semi-vegetarian dietary interventions, either alone or combined with home-based exercise, for 6&#xa0;weeks. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, while biochemical markers (adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), irisin, myostatin, glucose, and insulin) were analyzed via ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed-design ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and principal component analysis. The C and O groups exhibited no significant changes, whereas intervention groups showed reductions in body mass, body mass index (BMI), and body fat (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Single interventions were associated with changes in anthropometric measures (OIF:10.42% body mass,7.61% BMI, 9.86% body fat; OE: 9.49%, 6.65%, 13.49%; OVD: 9.07%, 8.17%, 6.21%; OKD: 8.12%, 6.91%, 9.78%). Diet-plus-exercise intervention groups generally exhibited larger changes, with OEVD achieving the greatest reductions (12.69, 13.46, 13.95%), followed by OEKD (10.68, 9.16, 11.17%) and OEIF (8.76, 9.64, 12.04%). Moreover, adiponectin, irisin, IGF-1, and myostatin levels changed significantly in exercise-only and diet-plus-exercise groups compared with those of the C and O groups. Additionally, intervention groups exhibited significant alterations in glucose and insulin concentrations, whereas no significant changes were observed in the C and O groups. Lifestyle modifications integrating dietary strategies with home-based exercise are associated with changes in metabolic and hormonal parameters in women with obesity.</p>

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Metabolic responses of diet–exercise combinations in women with obesity: a comparative lifestyle intervention study with different diet types

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Fidan Çınar,
  • Fatih Mehmet Uğurlu,
  • Vedat Çınar,
  • Taner Akbulut,
  • Yavuz Yasul,
  • Salih Öner,
  • Elif Subaşı,
  • Polat Yücedal,
  • Elif Emre,
  • Süleyman Aydın,
  • Do-Youn Lee

摘要

Obesity represents a major global public health challenge, particularly among women, and is associated with adverse metabolic and endocrine outcomes. his study evaluated the effects of ketogenic, intermittent fasting (IF), and semi-vegetarian diets, alone or combined with home-based exercise, on anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in women with obesity. The study employed a pretest–posttest controlled experimental design with 108 women aged 19–45 years, comprising 96 participants with obesity and 12 with normal body weight. Participants were assigned to nine groups: control (C), obese (O), obese with exercise (OE), obese with exercise plus semi-vegetarian diet (OEVD), obese with semi-vegetarian diet (OVD), obese with exercise plus intermittent fasting (OEIF), obese with intermittent fasting (OIF), obese with exercise plus ketogenic diet (OEKD), and obese with ketogenic diet (OKD). Participants completed ketogenic, intermittent fasting (IF), or semi-vegetarian dietary interventions, either alone or combined with home-based exercise, for 6 weeks. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, while biochemical markers (adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), irisin, myostatin, glucose, and insulin) were analyzed via ELISA. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed-design ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and principal component analysis. The C and O groups exhibited no significant changes, whereas intervention groups showed reductions in body mass, body mass index (BMI), and body fat (p < 0.001). Single interventions were associated with changes in anthropometric measures (OIF:10.42% body mass,7.61% BMI, 9.86% body fat; OE: 9.49%, 6.65%, 13.49%; OVD: 9.07%, 8.17%, 6.21%; OKD: 8.12%, 6.91%, 9.78%). Diet-plus-exercise intervention groups generally exhibited larger changes, with OEVD achieving the greatest reductions (12.69, 13.46, 13.95%), followed by OEKD (10.68, 9.16, 11.17%) and OEIF (8.76, 9.64, 12.04%). Moreover, adiponectin, irisin, IGF-1, and myostatin levels changed significantly in exercise-only and diet-plus-exercise groups compared with those of the C and O groups. Additionally, intervention groups exhibited significant alterations in glucose and insulin concentrations, whereas no significant changes were observed in the C and O groups. Lifestyle modifications integrating dietary strategies with home-based exercise are associated with changes in metabolic and hormonal parameters in women with obesity.