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<p>A critical design blind spot persists in contemporary electric vehicle (EV) safety engineering: ISO 26262 functional-safety frameworks generally treat battery State-of-Health (SoH) as a passive maintenance metric rather than a live, mode-governing safety variable. This paper proposes a five-layer theoretical co-design framework that integrates SoH estimation, power-margin monitoring, functional-safety decision logic, actuation, and lifecycle management. A qualitative Fault Tree Analysis and preliminary Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment are used to examine the representative BMS–ADAS power-interface hazard. The electrical analysis introduces a bounded DC/DC converter model and distinguishes two explicit converter-control scenarios: regulated operation with no active hard limit and an adverse 5.15&#xa0;A hard-input-current-limit boundary condition. For the stated 851&#xa0;W transient load, both scenarios retain positive converter margin; failed shedding of a 551&#xa0;W comfort load is therefore the dominant source of power-margin compression, while the isolated SoH contribution is 0&#xa0;W under regulated operation and approximately 40&#xa0;W under the adverse hard-limit condition. A separate illustrative LiDAR subsystem-allocation model yields a beta-derived additional stopping-distance estimate of approximately 0.84–1.40&#xa0;m, while an independently defined 100 ms recovery-delay scenario yields 1.67&#xa0;m. These estimates are analytical scenario results rather than device-validated predictions. Platform-specific converter, power-allocation, sensor, timing, and hardware-in-the-loop validation is identified as the essential next steps.</p>

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Battery state-of-health as a functional safety variable: an ISO 26262-aligned AI framework for electric vehicle ADAS power integrity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Nick Barua,
  • Md Tanjil Sarker,
  • Marran Al Qwaid,
  • Md. Shabiul Islam,
  • Shah Mohazzem Hossain,
  • Kazy Noor-e-Alam Siddiquee

摘要

A critical design blind spot persists in contemporary electric vehicle (EV) safety engineering: ISO 26262 functional-safety frameworks generally treat battery State-of-Health (SoH) as a passive maintenance metric rather than a live, mode-governing safety variable. This paper proposes a five-layer theoretical co-design framework that integrates SoH estimation, power-margin monitoring, functional-safety decision logic, actuation, and lifecycle management. A qualitative Fault Tree Analysis and preliminary Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment are used to examine the representative BMS–ADAS power-interface hazard. The electrical analysis introduces a bounded DC/DC converter model and distinguishes two explicit converter-control scenarios: regulated operation with no active hard limit and an adverse 5.15 A hard-input-current-limit boundary condition. For the stated 851 W transient load, both scenarios retain positive converter margin; failed shedding of a 551 W comfort load is therefore the dominant source of power-margin compression, while the isolated SoH contribution is 0 W under regulated operation and approximately 40 W under the adverse hard-limit condition. A separate illustrative LiDAR subsystem-allocation model yields a beta-derived additional stopping-distance estimate of approximately 0.84–1.40 m, while an independently defined 100 ms recovery-delay scenario yields 1.67 m. These estimates are analytical scenario results rather than device-validated predictions. Platform-specific converter, power-allocation, sensor, timing, and hardware-in-the-loop validation is identified as the essential next steps.