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<p>Adolescence represents a developmental phase marked by profound and rapidly shifting emotional states. While some adolescents exhibit pronounced, day-to-day mood variability, others remain comparatively stable. Although emotional fluctuation has long been considered a core feature with implications for health and well-being, the determinants underlying these substantial individual differences remain insufficiently understood. To address this, we conducted a longitudinal study using daily app-based assessments, aiming to explore whether perceived stress and self-esteem dynamics help explain why some adolescents show greater mood variability than others. We asked N = 70 adolescents to rate their self-esteem, positive, and negative mood once per day for 15&#xa0;days. For data analyses, we used path analytic mediation modeling. Fluctuation of self-esteem (FSE) significantly predicted both fluctuation of positive mood (FPM; <i>b</i> = 0.282, 95% CI [0.101, 0.464], <i>p</i> = .0.002) and fluctuation of negative mood (FNM; <i>b</i> = 0.395, 95% CI [0.147, 0.644], <i>p</i> = 0.002) indicating that greater variability in self-esteem is associated with greater mood fluctuation. Moreover, perceived stress (PS) significantly predicted FSE (<i>b</i> = 0.057, 95% CI [0.012, 0.102], <i>p</i> = 0.013), suggesting that higher perceived stress was associated with greater self-esteem fluctuation. Significant indirect effect emerged for PS on FPM (<i>b</i> = 0.016, 95% CI [0.003, 0.030], <i>p</i> = 0.019) and on FNM (<i>b</i> = 0.023, 95% CI [0.002, 0.043], <i>p</i> = 0 .028) via FSE, confirming a mediating role of self-esteem fluctuations. This study showed that perceived stress was associated with fluctuations in self-esteem, which were related to mood variability among adolescents. These findings suggest that stress reduction could be explored as a potential avenue for future interventions.</p>

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A longitudinal daily diary study of stress, self-esteem fluctuation, and mood variability in adolescents

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Christoph Borzikowsky,
  • Maren Prignitz,
  • Stella Guldner,
  • Herta Flor,
  • Frauke Nees,
  • Rainer Thomasius,
  • Tobias Banaschewski,
  • Herta Flor,
  • Johannes Kornhuber,
  • Michael Klein,
  • Olaf Reis,
  • Tanja Legenbauer,
  • Antonia Zapf,
  • Nicolas Arnaud,
  • Austermann Maria,
  • Christiane Baldus,
  • Anne Daubmann,
  • Léa Josette Laurenz,
  • Sabrina Kunze,
  • Sophie Luise Schiller,
  • Michael Supplieth,
  • Frauke Nees,
  • Karl Gottfried,
  • Stella Guldner,
  • Sabina Millenet,
  • Maren Prignitz,
  • Bernd Lenz,
  • Peter Fasching,
  • Matthias Beckmann,
  • Hartmut Heinrich,
  • Verena Nadine Buchholz,
  • Anna Eichler,
  • Lothar Häberle,
  • Christiane Mühle,
  • Patrick Stelzl,
  • Bernhard Volz,
  • Katharina Ise,
  • Diana Moesgen,
  • Lucie Waedel,
  • Martin Holtmann,
  • Regina Herdering,
  • Carina Maria Huhn,
  • Laura Mokros,
  • Frauke Nees,
  • Rabia Zohair,
  • Karina Janson,
  • Tobias Banaschewski,
  • Nathalie Holz,
  • Stella Guldner,
  • Herta Flor,
  • Maren Prignitz,
  • Olaf Reis,
  • Elisa Wandinger,
  • Antonia Fröhlich,
  • Emanuel Schwarz,
  • Ersoy Kocak

摘要

Adolescence represents a developmental phase marked by profound and rapidly shifting emotional states. While some adolescents exhibit pronounced, day-to-day mood variability, others remain comparatively stable. Although emotional fluctuation has long been considered a core feature with implications for health and well-being, the determinants underlying these substantial individual differences remain insufficiently understood. To address this, we conducted a longitudinal study using daily app-based assessments, aiming to explore whether perceived stress and self-esteem dynamics help explain why some adolescents show greater mood variability than others. We asked N = 70 adolescents to rate their self-esteem, positive, and negative mood once per day for 15 days. For data analyses, we used path analytic mediation modeling. Fluctuation of self-esteem (FSE) significantly predicted both fluctuation of positive mood (FPM; b = 0.282, 95% CI [0.101, 0.464], p = .0.002) and fluctuation of negative mood (FNM; b = 0.395, 95% CI [0.147, 0.644], p = 0.002) indicating that greater variability in self-esteem is associated with greater mood fluctuation. Moreover, perceived stress (PS) significantly predicted FSE (b = 0.057, 95% CI [0.012, 0.102], p = 0.013), suggesting that higher perceived stress was associated with greater self-esteem fluctuation. Significant indirect effect emerged for PS on FPM (b = 0.016, 95% CI [0.003, 0.030], p = 0.019) and on FNM (b = 0.023, 95% CI [0.002, 0.043], p = 0 .028) via FSE, confirming a mediating role of self-esteem fluctuations. This study showed that perceived stress was associated with fluctuations in self-esteem, which were related to mood variability among adolescents. These findings suggest that stress reduction could be explored as a potential avenue for future interventions.