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<p>The thymus plays a pivotal role in the generation of immunocompetent T cells. Although its function is dependent on its 3D architecture and mechanical properties, they remain poorly characterised. This knowledge gap limits efforts to model and engineer the organ, which are critical steps towards the development of strategies for the treatment of several haematological and immune diseases. Here, we provide the first comprehensive multiscale dataset of bovine thymic extracellular matrix architecture and viscoelastic behaviour, including descriptors such as relaxation times, instantaneous and equilibrium elastic moduli, storage and loss moduli obtained under different loading conditions and spatial scales. Taken together, our data define the thymus as a compliant, highly dissipative viscoelastic organ with a fibrillar architecture. They also represent a unique database with quantitative protocol-specific benchmark ranges, which, for the first time, provides a quantitative basis for more physiologically informed approaches to thymus engineering.</p>

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Mapping the thymus in the viscoelastic landscape of biological tissues

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Francesco Fontana,
  • Giulia Paties Montagner,
  • Paolo Signorello,
  • Arti Ahluwalia,
  • Ludovica Cacopardo

摘要

The thymus plays a pivotal role in the generation of immunocompetent T cells. Although its function is dependent on its 3D architecture and mechanical properties, they remain poorly characterised. This knowledge gap limits efforts to model and engineer the organ, which are critical steps towards the development of strategies for the treatment of several haematological and immune diseases. Here, we provide the first comprehensive multiscale dataset of bovine thymic extracellular matrix architecture and viscoelastic behaviour, including descriptors such as relaxation times, instantaneous and equilibrium elastic moduli, storage and loss moduli obtained under different loading conditions and spatial scales. Taken together, our data define the thymus as a compliant, highly dissipative viscoelastic organ with a fibrillar architecture. They also represent a unique database with quantitative protocol-specific benchmark ranges, which, for the first time, provides a quantitative basis for more physiologically informed approaches to thymus engineering.