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<p>Microglia, the brain immune cells, are crucial for maintaining neural homeostasis. As the brain ages, microglia undergo senescence leading to chronic neuroinflammation, which is closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Despite the need to monitor microglial senescence existing methods primarily rely on single biomarker detection, thereby hampering the detection of complex functional changes in them. To address this limitation, we developed a multi-detection biosensor using interdigitated microelectrodes (IMEs) arrays integrated with a microfluidic chip to simultaneously measure biomarkers TNF-α, IL-6, AXL, and BDNF released by senescent microglia. The IMEs biosensor was fabricated using microfabrication techniques and functionalized with biomarker-specific antibodies to enable selective detection. We assessed the sensitivity and selectivity of the biosensor using impedance spectroscopy in phosphate-buffered saline, human serum, and primary senescent microglial cultures obtained from mice. Our results showed high sensitivity across biomarker concentrations ranging from 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL and selectivity against non-target biomolecules. Furthermore, we validated the biosensor’s ability to monitor inflammatory responses in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma, confirming its potential to assess microglial activation states. Preclinical evaluations using senescent microglial cultures revealed significantly elevated biomarker secretion compared to young counterparts, highlighting the biosensor’s use in differentiating microglial aging states. Multi-biomarker analysis enhances microglial senescence assessment, thereby enabling accurate investigation of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease progression. This novel biosensing platform holds promise for early diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and advancing research on brain aging and neuroimmune dysregulation.</p>

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Multi-detection biosensor for assessing senescent microglia and neuroinflammation using interdigitated microelectrodes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Cheonjung Kim,
  • Dohwan Lee,
  • Kyoung Sang Cho,
  • Young-Sun Lee,
  • Na Eun Lee,
  • Kang Hyeon Kim,
  • Jeong Hoon Lee,
  • Gyun Jee Song,
  • Yong Kyoung Yoo

摘要

Microglia, the brain immune cells, are crucial for maintaining neural homeostasis. As the brain ages, microglia undergo senescence leading to chronic neuroinflammation, which is closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Despite the need to monitor microglial senescence existing methods primarily rely on single biomarker detection, thereby hampering the detection of complex functional changes in them. To address this limitation, we developed a multi-detection biosensor using interdigitated microelectrodes (IMEs) arrays integrated with a microfluidic chip to simultaneously measure biomarkers TNF-α, IL-6, AXL, and BDNF released by senescent microglia. The IMEs biosensor was fabricated using microfabrication techniques and functionalized with biomarker-specific antibodies to enable selective detection. We assessed the sensitivity and selectivity of the biosensor using impedance spectroscopy in phosphate-buffered saline, human serum, and primary senescent microglial cultures obtained from mice. Our results showed high sensitivity across biomarker concentrations ranging from 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL and selectivity against non-target biomolecules. Furthermore, we validated the biosensor’s ability to monitor inflammatory responses in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma, confirming its potential to assess microglial activation states. Preclinical evaluations using senescent microglial cultures revealed significantly elevated biomarker secretion compared to young counterparts, highlighting the biosensor’s use in differentiating microglial aging states. Multi-biomarker analysis enhances microglial senescence assessment, thereby enabling accurate investigation of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease progression. This novel biosensing platform holds promise for early diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and advancing research on brain aging and neuroimmune dysregulation.