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<p>A tunable multifunctional polarization converter based on a graphene–perovskite metasurface is proposed for THz applications. At a graphene chemical potential of 1 eV, the structure exhibits linear-to-linear polarization conversion with a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) exceeding 0.9 over four frequency bands: 0.95–1.26 THz, 1.42–1.83 THz, 2.27–2.71 THz, and 2.83–3.0 THz. Moreover, linear-to-circular polarization conversion is achieved in the ranges of 0.73–0.91 THz, 1.22–1.40 THz, and 2.0–2.21 THz. The proposed metasurface also enables circular-to-linear and circular-to-circular polarization conversion, with polarization-state switching achieved by tuning the graphene chemical potential. The influences of chemical potential, polarization angle, and incident angle are systematically examined, showing stable performance under oblique incidence up to <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"><EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pm 60^\circ\)</EquationSource></InlineEquation> in the lower frequency bands. The physical mechanism is clarified through surface-current analysis and further validated using multiple-interference theory, equivalent-circuit modeling, and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The proposed graphene-perovskite metasurface can also be regarded as a multifunctional THz platform for next-generation wireless systems. In particular, its broad operating bands, electrical tunability, and strong angular stability make it suitable for reconfigurable 6G front-end components, where dynamic polarization control can improve link adaptability and signal management. In addition, the capability to support multiple polarization conversion modes across multiple frequency bands makes the proposed structure attractive for THz sensing and imaging systems, where polarization diversity can enhance detection performance and improve the identification of material-dependent electromagnetic responses.</p>

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Tunable broadband multi-functional perovskite graphene-based polarization convertor at THz band for 6G applications

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Hassan Zakeri,
  • Gholamreza Moradi,
  • Ahad Tavakoli

摘要

A tunable multifunctional polarization converter based on a graphene–perovskite metasurface is proposed for THz applications. At a graphene chemical potential of 1 eV, the structure exhibits linear-to-linear polarization conversion with a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) exceeding 0.9 over four frequency bands: 0.95–1.26 THz, 1.42–1.83 THz, 2.27–2.71 THz, and 2.83–3.0 THz. Moreover, linear-to-circular polarization conversion is achieved in the ranges of 0.73–0.91 THz, 1.22–1.40 THz, and 2.0–2.21 THz. The proposed metasurface also enables circular-to-linear and circular-to-circular polarization conversion, with polarization-state switching achieved by tuning the graphene chemical potential. The influences of chemical potential, polarization angle, and incident angle are systematically examined, showing stable performance under oblique incidence up to \(\pm 60^\circ\) in the lower frequency bands. The physical mechanism is clarified through surface-current analysis and further validated using multiple-interference theory, equivalent-circuit modeling, and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The proposed graphene-perovskite metasurface can also be regarded as a multifunctional THz platform for next-generation wireless systems. In particular, its broad operating bands, electrical tunability, and strong angular stability make it suitable for reconfigurable 6G front-end components, where dynamic polarization control can improve link adaptability and signal management. In addition, the capability to support multiple polarization conversion modes across multiple frequency bands makes the proposed structure attractive for THz sensing and imaging systems, where polarization diversity can enhance detection performance and improve the identification of material-dependent electromagnetic responses.