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<p>Ultrashort electron pulses with a high average current provide a powerful means of enhancing time-resolved imaging and photon generation. In this study, we report the attosecond shaping of sub-relativistic electron beams using membranes in a newly developed apparatus that delivers a relatively high flux (&gt; 2 electrons per 290-fs-long pulse on a sample) with negligible space-charge effects. Optimizing the membrane arrangement minimizes the spread of electron-light delays to within a femtosecond over a wide range of incident angles. This enables the recording of attosecond streaking spectrograms, where net acceleration and deceleration, as well as monochromatization and energy broadening, are clearly observed. Through comparison with models, we estimate the durations of the bunched electrons to be 1.3&#xa0;fs (FWHM) and 0.5&#xa0;fs (RMS). Furthermore, we demonstrate the sub-cycle modulation of pulsed beams containing ten or more electrons, which exhibit a large energy spread due to space charge effects. A modulation amplitude of 2&#xa0;eV is shown to be sufficient to shape a beam with an initial spread of 15&#xa0;eV (FWHM). These results represent a significant step toward the generation of an attosecond pulse containing one or more electrons.</p>

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Attosecond shaping of multi-electron pulses in a home-built 37-keV beamline

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Yuichi Tachibana,
  • Marie Ouillé,
  • Takuya Hosobata,
  • Takashi Isoshima,
  • Yoshiyuki Takizawa,
  • Yutaka Yamagata,
  • Yuya Morimoto

摘要

Ultrashort electron pulses with a high average current provide a powerful means of enhancing time-resolved imaging and photon generation. In this study, we report the attosecond shaping of sub-relativistic electron beams using membranes in a newly developed apparatus that delivers a relatively high flux (> 2 electrons per 290-fs-long pulse on a sample) with negligible space-charge effects. Optimizing the membrane arrangement minimizes the spread of electron-light delays to within a femtosecond over a wide range of incident angles. This enables the recording of attosecond streaking spectrograms, where net acceleration and deceleration, as well as monochromatization and energy broadening, are clearly observed. Through comparison with models, we estimate the durations of the bunched electrons to be 1.3 fs (FWHM) and 0.5 fs (RMS). Furthermore, we demonstrate the sub-cycle modulation of pulsed beams containing ten or more electrons, which exhibit a large energy spread due to space charge effects. A modulation amplitude of 2 eV is shown to be sufficient to shape a beam with an initial spread of 15 eV (FWHM). These results represent a significant step toward the generation of an attosecond pulse containing one or more electrons.