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<p>Thermal modification at high temperatures improves the physical and surface properties of wood, but it often reduces its mechanical strength. This study examines mild hydrothermal treatment as an alternative method to enhance wood performance while limiting strength loss. Specimens of <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> (Douglas fir) were treated with saturated steam at 140 <b>°</b>C, 160 °C, and 180 °C for 0.5, 1, and 2 hours. The treated wood was analyzed for changes in colour, surface chemistry, dimensional stability, crystallinity index (CrI%), mechanical properties, and resistance to ultraviolet (UV) weathering. Mass loss increased from 0.86% to 19.61% with higher temperature and longer duration, indicating severe thermal degradation. Dimensional stability improved with treatment severity, reaching 33.39% at 180 °C for 2 hours. The crystallinity index also increased compared to the control, suggesting changes in cellulose structure. The wood became darker in color with increasing treatment intensity due to hemicellulose degradation, confirmed by FTIR analysis. Treated samples showed better resistance to UV-induced discoloration. In mechanical properties, surface hardness decreased by 7.41-68.81%, while bending modulus (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) declined by 8.36-61.76% and 5.26-81.84%, respectively, indicating reduced mechanical performance, particularly for samples modified at high temperature and for extended duration. Overall, mild hydrothermal treatment improved surface properties, dimensional stability, and UV resistance while causing less loss in strength compared to high-temperature treatments. This makes it a promising and sustainable method for enhancing wood performance.</p>

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Effect of mild hydrothermal modification on surface color, surface chemistry, UV-induced photodegradation and physico-mechanical performance of Pseudotsuga menziesii wood

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Kamal Mishra,
  • Manjri Somal,
  • Shailendra Kumar,
  • Deepak Kumar,
  • Anil Kumar Sethy

摘要

Thermal modification at high temperatures improves the physical and surface properties of wood, but it often reduces its mechanical strength. This study examines mild hydrothermal treatment as an alternative method to enhance wood performance while limiting strength loss. Specimens of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) were treated with saturated steam at 140 °C, 160 °C, and 180 °C for 0.5, 1, and 2 hours. The treated wood was analyzed for changes in colour, surface chemistry, dimensional stability, crystallinity index (CrI%), mechanical properties, and resistance to ultraviolet (UV) weathering. Mass loss increased from 0.86% to 19.61% with higher temperature and longer duration, indicating severe thermal degradation. Dimensional stability improved with treatment severity, reaching 33.39% at 180 °C for 2 hours. The crystallinity index also increased compared to the control, suggesting changes in cellulose structure. The wood became darker in color with increasing treatment intensity due to hemicellulose degradation, confirmed by FTIR analysis. Treated samples showed better resistance to UV-induced discoloration. In mechanical properties, surface hardness decreased by 7.41-68.81%, while bending modulus (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) declined by 8.36-61.76% and 5.26-81.84%, respectively, indicating reduced mechanical performance, particularly for samples modified at high temperature and for extended duration. Overall, mild hydrothermal treatment improved surface properties, dimensional stability, and UV resistance while causing less loss in strength compared to high-temperature treatments. This makes it a promising and sustainable method for enhancing wood performance.