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<p>Existing self-report mentalizing instruments are beset by replication failures in factor structure, conceptual heterogeneity, and near-universal omission of embodied mentalizing. This research developed and validated the Comprehensive Mentalizing Questionnaire (CMQ), which operationalizes eight empirically derived, theoretically coherent dimensions: Nonmentalizing-Self, Emotion/Impulse Dysregulation, Motivation-Self, Motivation-Other, Empathy, Mindreading Certainty, Mentalizing-Self, and Nonmentalizing-Body. Two studies with Iranian adults (total <i>N</i> = 1708) evaluated the psychometric properties of the CMQ. Study 1 examined an initial item pool via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Study 2 cross-validated a refined version, tested measurement invariance across sex, age, education, and marital status, and assessed criterion validity against personality pathology, attachment insecurities, general distress, self-esteem, and well-being. ESEM provided superior fit to CFA in both studies, yielding eight well-defined factors with satisfactory-to-excellent internal consistency and full measurement invariance across demographic groups. Latent mean comparisons suggested a maturity pattern: older age, higher education, and marriage were associated with more adaptive mentalizing profiles. Set-ESEM criterion analyses yielded largely expected validity patterns; additionally, controlling for latent self-esteem revealed suppression effects for Mindreading Certainty. The 40-item CMQ demonstrated sound psychometric properties, extending existing instruments by incorporating embodied mentalizing while achieving well-defined factor solutions despite expected overlap among mentalizing facets.</p>

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Development and validation of the comprehensive mentalizing questionnaire

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Ahmad Asgarizadeh,
  • Zahra Alikahi,
  • Carla Sharp

摘要

Existing self-report mentalizing instruments are beset by replication failures in factor structure, conceptual heterogeneity, and near-universal omission of embodied mentalizing. This research developed and validated the Comprehensive Mentalizing Questionnaire (CMQ), which operationalizes eight empirically derived, theoretically coherent dimensions: Nonmentalizing-Self, Emotion/Impulse Dysregulation, Motivation-Self, Motivation-Other, Empathy, Mindreading Certainty, Mentalizing-Self, and Nonmentalizing-Body. Two studies with Iranian adults (total N = 1708) evaluated the psychometric properties of the CMQ. Study 1 examined an initial item pool via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Study 2 cross-validated a refined version, tested measurement invariance across sex, age, education, and marital status, and assessed criterion validity against personality pathology, attachment insecurities, general distress, self-esteem, and well-being. ESEM provided superior fit to CFA in both studies, yielding eight well-defined factors with satisfactory-to-excellent internal consistency and full measurement invariance across demographic groups. Latent mean comparisons suggested a maturity pattern: older age, higher education, and marriage were associated with more adaptive mentalizing profiles. Set-ESEM criterion analyses yielded largely expected validity patterns; additionally, controlling for latent self-esteem revealed suppression effects for Mindreading Certainty. The 40-item CMQ demonstrated sound psychometric properties, extending existing instruments by incorporating embodied mentalizing while achieving well-defined factor solutions despite expected overlap among mentalizing facets.