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<p>Installing emergency parking bay while constructing three-lane loess tunnels results in a large excavation section, poor geological conditions of the surrounding rock, and significant construction safety risks. However, canceling emergency parking bays improves the operational safety risks. Hence, this paper explores the rationality of canceling emergency parking bays in a three-lane loess tunnel, using the numerical simulation methods and theoretical analysis based on the highway expansion project of Huangling to Yanan loess tunnels. Rock deformation, structural stress, economic efficiency, and the traffic safety analysis were evaluated for installed and non-installed emergency parking bays in Ⅴ rock sections. The results showed that the tunnel deformation and the structural stress with emergency parking bays are 1.50–1.80 and 1.20–2.50 times greater than those without emergency parking bays. The traffic analysis in the single-bore and three-lane highway tunnel with emergency parking bays indicated that the presence of the emergency parking bay has adverse effects on the everyday driving of vehicles within the tunnel. Economic benefit results revealed that canceling the installation of emergency parking bays in three-lane loess tunnels significantly reduces project costs. Ultimately, reducing the number of emergency parking bays or optimizing their spacing in future designs in the three-lane loess tunnels results in tunnel structural stability and construction safety, facilitating international and regional connectivity and traffic flow capacity.</p>

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Case-based evaluation of emergency parking bay installation in three-lane loess tunnels in the loess plateau of Shaanxi Province

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Qiang Chen,
  • Hu Wei,
  • Songtao Xiao,
  • Yanbin Luo,
  • Chaopeng Tian,
  • Tao Dang

摘要

Installing emergency parking bay while constructing three-lane loess tunnels results in a large excavation section, poor geological conditions of the surrounding rock, and significant construction safety risks. However, canceling emergency parking bays improves the operational safety risks. Hence, this paper explores the rationality of canceling emergency parking bays in a three-lane loess tunnel, using the numerical simulation methods and theoretical analysis based on the highway expansion project of Huangling to Yanan loess tunnels. Rock deformation, structural stress, economic efficiency, and the traffic safety analysis were evaluated for installed and non-installed emergency parking bays in Ⅴ rock sections. The results showed that the tunnel deformation and the structural stress with emergency parking bays are 1.50–1.80 and 1.20–2.50 times greater than those without emergency parking bays. The traffic analysis in the single-bore and three-lane highway tunnel with emergency parking bays indicated that the presence of the emergency parking bay has adverse effects on the everyday driving of vehicles within the tunnel. Economic benefit results revealed that canceling the installation of emergency parking bays in three-lane loess tunnels significantly reduces project costs. Ultimately, reducing the number of emergency parking bays or optimizing their spacing in future designs in the three-lane loess tunnels results in tunnel structural stability and construction safety, facilitating international and regional connectivity and traffic flow capacity.