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<p>Bisphenols (BPs) do not occur naturally but are ubiquitous in the environment due to their high production, consumption, and subsequent environmental introduction. Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues can cause oxidative stress, developmental alterations, or neuroendocrine alterations among marine species. Because of BP’s association with ecological and human health risks, it is necessary to monitor the concentrations of these compounds in the environment. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of BPA and its analogues in urban reservoirs and determine their concentrations during two sampling campaigns (November and April). The concentration of bisphenols, including BPA, bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol C (BPC), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol G (BPG), bisphenol Cl<sub>2</sub> (BPCl<sub>2</sub>), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol Z (BPZ) and bisphenol M (BPM) was measured using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in water from 19 urban reservoirs collected under various seasonal conditions (November and April). The values of BPA concentrations in the target reservoirs ranged from 0.004 to 1.281&#xa0;µg/L, while those of BPA analogues were in the range of &lt; LOD – 1.935&#xa0;µg/L. The conducted experiments showed a statistically significant difference between the two sampling campaigns, with higher concentrations observed in samples collected in April. A positive correlation was observed between BP concentration and water pH. Also, higher concentrations of BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF, BPCl<sub>2</sub>, BPAP, BPZ, and BPM were observed during the April sampling campaign than during the November campaign. Measured BPs concentrations were associated with low individual risk; however, mixture effects indicated potential ecological concern for aquatic invertebrates. Further research is needed to investigate how rising bisphenol concentrations affect fish, as their consumption could pose a risk to human health.</p>

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Concentrations of bisphenol A and selected bisphenol analogues in urban reservoirs in different seasonal conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Marzena Tylicka,
  • Jacek Kapała,
  • Urszula Kotowska,
  • Joanna Karpińska,
  • Beata Modzelewska,
  • Tomasz Kleszczewski,
  • Agnieszka Raciborska,
  • Adam Kotowski,
  • Maria Karpińska

摘要

Bisphenols (BPs) do not occur naturally but are ubiquitous in the environment due to their high production, consumption, and subsequent environmental introduction. Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues can cause oxidative stress, developmental alterations, or neuroendocrine alterations among marine species. Because of BP’s association with ecological and human health risks, it is necessary to monitor the concentrations of these compounds in the environment. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of BPA and its analogues in urban reservoirs and determine their concentrations during two sampling campaigns (November and April). The concentration of bisphenols, including BPA, bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol C (BPC), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol G (BPG), bisphenol Cl2 (BPCl2), bisphenol AP (BPAP), bisphenol Z (BPZ) and bisphenol M (BPM) was measured using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in water from 19 urban reservoirs collected under various seasonal conditions (November and April). The values of BPA concentrations in the target reservoirs ranged from 0.004 to 1.281 µg/L, while those of BPA analogues were in the range of < LOD – 1.935 µg/L. The conducted experiments showed a statistically significant difference between the two sampling campaigns, with higher concentrations observed in samples collected in April. A positive correlation was observed between BP concentration and water pH. Also, higher concentrations of BPB, BPC, BPE, BPF, BPCl2, BPAP, BPZ, and BPM were observed during the April sampling campaign than during the November campaign. Measured BPs concentrations were associated with low individual risk; however, mixture effects indicated potential ecological concern for aquatic invertebrates. Further research is needed to investigate how rising bisphenol concentrations affect fish, as their consumption could pose a risk to human health.