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<p>The green synthesis of aluminium nanoparticles (Al-NPs) via aqueous extract of <i>Terminalia chebula</i> was used to evaluate the structural, biological and sensing applications of the synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticle development was confirmed by UV–Visible spectroscopy, showing a typical absorption peak at 300&#xa0;nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified key biomolecules involved in reduction and stabilization, including polysaccharides (C–O–C at 1044&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup>), proteins/peptides (amide I band at 1660&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup>) and phenolic compounds (O–H bending at 1328&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup>), with additional bands indicating the presence of alkenes and aromatic groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed irregular, spherical, leaf-like aggregates measuring 30 to 80&#xa0;nm, while Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) established elemental proportion consistent with aluminium oxide, with Carbon, oxygen and aluminium present at 51.9%, 23.9% and 24.5% by weight, respectively. The biological activity of Al-NPs was demonstrated through dose-dependent antiproliferative effects against A549 lung carcinoma cells with an IC₅₀ value of 72.04&#xa0;µg/mL, assessed via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Biogenic Al-NPs treated cells demonstrated orange-to-red fluorescence, indicates the presence of condensed and fragmented nuclei using Acridine Orange and Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) assay, indicating apoptosis. The antibacterial efficacy of the biogenic Al-NPs was evaluated using Resazurin Based Microplate assay. The nanoparticles exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1250, 625, 312, and 312&#xa0;µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 2500, 1250, 312, and 625&#xa0;µg/mL against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Salmonella ebony</i>,<i> Escherichia coli</i>,<i> and Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, respectively, demonstrating enhanced activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the Al-NPs exhibited sensitive optical glucose sensing, with UV–Visible spectra showing a linear decrease in plasmonic absorption at 300&#xa0;nm over glucose concentrations of 1–22 mM. These results highlight the potential of <i>T. chebula</i> mediated Al-NPs as multifunctional nanomaterials for biomedical and biosensing applications.</p>

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Biogenic aluminium nanoparticles synthesized from Terminalia chebula seed extract: characterization and exploration of their antiproliferative, antimicrobial and biosensing potential

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Shenbhagaraman Ramalingam,
  • Jenefar Sudarson,
  • Archana Behera,
  • Mukesh Kumar Dharmalingam Jothinathan,
  • Mythileeswari Lakshmikanthan,
  • Sakthivel Muthu,
  • Maryam Abbasi Tarighat,
  • Gholamreza Abdi

摘要

The green synthesis of aluminium nanoparticles (Al-NPs) via aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula was used to evaluate the structural, biological and sensing applications of the synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticle development was confirmed by UV–Visible spectroscopy, showing a typical absorption peak at 300 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified key biomolecules involved in reduction and stabilization, including polysaccharides (C–O–C at 1044 cm− 1), proteins/peptides (amide I band at 1660 cm− 1) and phenolic compounds (O–H bending at 1328 cm− 1), with additional bands indicating the presence of alkenes and aromatic groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed irregular, spherical, leaf-like aggregates measuring 30 to 80 nm, while Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) established elemental proportion consistent with aluminium oxide, with Carbon, oxygen and aluminium present at 51.9%, 23.9% and 24.5% by weight, respectively. The biological activity of Al-NPs was demonstrated through dose-dependent antiproliferative effects against A549 lung carcinoma cells with an IC₅₀ value of 72.04 µg/mL, assessed via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Biogenic Al-NPs treated cells demonstrated orange-to-red fluorescence, indicates the presence of condensed and fragmented nuclei using Acridine Orange and Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) assay, indicating apoptosis. The antibacterial efficacy of the biogenic Al-NPs was evaluated using Resazurin Based Microplate assay. The nanoparticles exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1250, 625, 312, and 312 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 2500, 1250, 312, and 625 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella ebony, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, demonstrating enhanced activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the Al-NPs exhibited sensitive optical glucose sensing, with UV–Visible spectra showing a linear decrease in plasmonic absorption at 300 nm over glucose concentrations of 1–22 mM. These results highlight the potential of T. chebula mediated Al-NPs as multifunctional nanomaterials for biomedical and biosensing applications.