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<p>The pestiferous slug, <i>Deroceras laeve</i> (Gastropoda: Agriolimacidae), is native to the Palearctic or Holarctic regions and has invaded terrestrial ecosystems in many parts of the world. Recent reports of <i>D. laeve</i> occurrence, high habitat suitability and pest potential in the Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas raise concern for possible ecological and economic harm. Therefore, studying the temperature-dependent distribution and life history traits (at 15, 20 and 25&#xa0;°C under laboratory conditions) of <i>D. laeve</i> could provide insights into framing effective management strategies. Accordingly, experimental results revealed that <i>D. laeve</i> embryo developmental rate was the highest at 25&#xa0;°C and decreased with decreasing temperature. The Lactin-2 developmental rate model indicated the minimum (<i>t</i><sub><i>min</i></sub>), optimum (<i>t</i><sub><i>opt</i></sub>), and maximum (<i>t</i><sub><i>max</i></sub>) temperatures for <i>D. laeve</i> embryo development to be 4.58, 23.08, and 31.16&#xa0;°C, respectively. The monthly habitat suitability for <i>D. laeve</i> (based on temperature-dependent development rate and survival) revealed distinct variation, with higher and lower elevations showing more significant seasonal fluctuations, whereas areas of intermediate elevation exhibited relatively stable suitability across months. Longevity and final body mass achieved by <i>D. laeve</i> were the highest at 15&#xa0;°C. Sexual maturity was reached earlier at 25&#xa0;°C, followed by 20 and 15&#xa0;°C. The net reproductive rate was significantly lower at 15&#xa0;°C compared to 20 and 25&#xa0;°C, while the generation time was significantly longer at 15 than at 20 and 25&#xa0;°C. Understanding these life history traits and identifying peak suitability months could inform management interventions to reduce <i>D. laeve</i> populations before they reach damaging levels.</p>

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Temperature-dependent distribution and life history traits of the pestiferous slug Deroceras laeve in the Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Neha Kumari Gupta,
  • Pranesh Paul,
  • Gautam Aditya

摘要

The pestiferous slug, Deroceras laeve (Gastropoda: Agriolimacidae), is native to the Palearctic or Holarctic regions and has invaded terrestrial ecosystems in many parts of the world. Recent reports of D. laeve occurrence, high habitat suitability and pest potential in the Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas raise concern for possible ecological and economic harm. Therefore, studying the temperature-dependent distribution and life history traits (at 15, 20 and 25 °C under laboratory conditions) of D. laeve could provide insights into framing effective management strategies. Accordingly, experimental results revealed that D. laeve embryo developmental rate was the highest at 25 °C and decreased with decreasing temperature. The Lactin-2 developmental rate model indicated the minimum (tmin), optimum (topt), and maximum (tmax) temperatures for D. laeve embryo development to be 4.58, 23.08, and 31.16 °C, respectively. The monthly habitat suitability for D. laeve (based on temperature-dependent development rate and survival) revealed distinct variation, with higher and lower elevations showing more significant seasonal fluctuations, whereas areas of intermediate elevation exhibited relatively stable suitability across months. Longevity and final body mass achieved by D. laeve were the highest at 15 °C. Sexual maturity was reached earlier at 25 °C, followed by 20 and 15 °C. The net reproductive rate was significantly lower at 15 °C compared to 20 and 25 °C, while the generation time was significantly longer at 15 than at 20 and 25 °C. Understanding these life history traits and identifying peak suitability months could inform management interventions to reduce D. laeve populations before they reach damaging levels.