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<p>The Mississippi Embayment aquifer system (MEAS), the Coastal Lowlands aquifer system (CLAS), and the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVA) provide vital freshwater resources for the Lower Mississippi-Gulf (LMG) region across nine states in the south-central United States. However, hydrostratigraphic characterization of recharge pathways, hydraulic connectivity, and salinity distribution across these aquifers remains limited. This study presents a framework integrating lithofacies modeling using 157,000 driller’s logs, 8,400 geophysical logs, and airborne electromagnetic (AEM) resistivity data to assess regional hydrogeologic connectivity and potential salinization. Horizon restoration techniques and indicator kriging were applied to construct a three-dimensional lithofacies model of 14 hydrogeologic units. The model captures subsurface heterogeneity, delineates recharge-favorable zones, evaluates managed aquifer recharge (MAR) suitability, and classifies river–aquifer and oxbow lake–aquifer connectivity. Approximately 25.4% of oxbow-lake areas exhibit high groundwater connection potential, and over 55% within the Yazoo Basin show moderate to high connectivity. Integration of AEM and the lithofacies model identifies potential salinity zones in major aquifers, including the MRVA, Middle Claiborne, and Chicot, likely influenced by structural pathways and anthropogenic extraction. This framework supports regional recharge monitoring, MAR planning, and salinity risk assessment, providing a scalable basis for sustainable groundwater management in large alluvial systems.</p>

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Assessing aquifer complexity, hydrologic connections and salinization in the lower Mississippi-Gulf region through regional hydrostratigraphic and airborne EM analyses

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Mohammed Elkharakany,
  • Shuo Yang,
  • Frank T.-C. Tsai,
  • Rafin Hasan,
  • Gregg Davidson

摘要

The Mississippi Embayment aquifer system (MEAS), the Coastal Lowlands aquifer system (CLAS), and the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVA) provide vital freshwater resources for the Lower Mississippi-Gulf (LMG) region across nine states in the south-central United States. However, hydrostratigraphic characterization of recharge pathways, hydraulic connectivity, and salinity distribution across these aquifers remains limited. This study presents a framework integrating lithofacies modeling using 157,000 driller’s logs, 8,400 geophysical logs, and airborne electromagnetic (AEM) resistivity data to assess regional hydrogeologic connectivity and potential salinization. Horizon restoration techniques and indicator kriging were applied to construct a three-dimensional lithofacies model of 14 hydrogeologic units. The model captures subsurface heterogeneity, delineates recharge-favorable zones, evaluates managed aquifer recharge (MAR) suitability, and classifies river–aquifer and oxbow lake–aquifer connectivity. Approximately 25.4% of oxbow-lake areas exhibit high groundwater connection potential, and over 55% within the Yazoo Basin show moderate to high connectivity. Integration of AEM and the lithofacies model identifies potential salinity zones in major aquifers, including the MRVA, Middle Claiborne, and Chicot, likely influenced by structural pathways and anthropogenic extraction. This framework supports regional recharge monitoring, MAR planning, and salinity risk assessment, providing a scalable basis for sustainable groundwater management in large alluvial systems.