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<p>This paper proposes the dual functional microwave sensor with high gain array antenna using loaded U-resonator and asymmetric T-junction. The microwave sensor is designed to operate at <i>f</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> = 2.11&#xa0;GHz while the array antenna operates at <i>f</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> = 2.84&#xa0;GHz which is integrated using asymmetric T-junction based on microstrip line. The performance of the sensor is observed based on the frequency shift of S<sub>21</sub> for solid material characterization with a permittivity range of 1–9.8 while for the antenna is observed based on the parameters S<sub>11</sub>, bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern. From the measurement results, the antenna and sensor have high performance and have independent characteristics with high isolation of ≤ -40 dB to work concurrently. Moreover, the antenna has performance of S<sub>11</sub> ≤ -10 dB, Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) 2.11% and gain of 6.03 dBi at <i>f</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> = 2.84&#xa0;GHz. The sensors operating at <i>f</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> = 2.11&#xa0;GHz has a performance of ∆F of 0.4&#xa0;GHz, FDR of 0.061&#xa0;GHz / ∆ε<sub>r</sub>, normalized sensitivity (NS) of 2.21% and accuracy of 99.38%. Therefore, this work can be recommended for application in industries such as material quality control, pharmaceuticals and biomedical as a solution for real-time measurement processes integrated with wireless communications.</p>

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dual functional microwave sensor with high-gain array antenna using loaded U-resonator and asymmetric T-junction

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月19日

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  • Syah Alam,
  • Indra Surjati,
  • Mudrik Alaydrus,
  • Lydia Sari,
  • Mhd Idham Khalif,
  • Zahriladha Zakaria,
  • Teguh Firmansyah,
  • Ken Paramayudha

摘要

This paper proposes the dual functional microwave sensor with high gain array antenna using loaded U-resonator and asymmetric T-junction. The microwave sensor is designed to operate at fr = 2.11 GHz while the array antenna operates at fr = 2.84 GHz which is integrated using asymmetric T-junction based on microstrip line. The performance of the sensor is observed based on the frequency shift of S21 for solid material characterization with a permittivity range of 1–9.8 while for the antenna is observed based on the parameters S11, bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern. From the measurement results, the antenna and sensor have high performance and have independent characteristics with high isolation of ≤ -40 dB to work concurrently. Moreover, the antenna has performance of S11 ≤ -10 dB, Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) 2.11% and gain of 6.03 dBi at fr = 2.84 GHz. The sensors operating at fr = 2.11 GHz has a performance of ∆F of 0.4 GHz, FDR of 0.061 GHz / ∆εr, normalized sensitivity (NS) of 2.21% and accuracy of 99.38%. Therefore, this work can be recommended for application in industries such as material quality control, pharmaceuticals and biomedical as a solution for real-time measurement processes integrated with wireless communications.