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<p>The green synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles (N-ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs) with plant extracts offers a unique and ecologically benign approach for biological applications. In this study, dried leaf extract of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> was employed as a reducing and capping agent in the manufacture of N-ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) study reveals the presence of functional bonds necessary for NP stabilization, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies validate the crystalline structure and phase purity. The shape and morphology of N-ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs were analyzed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. It was observed that the prepared NPs had an average size of 8.15 ± 0.25&#xa0;nm. The synthesized N-ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and strong antibiofilm activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Biofilm inhibition reached 71.5%% at 1⋅MIC, with 30.6% reduction in biofilm biomass at higher concentration, confirming dose-dependent disruption of biofilm architecture. The NPs also showed notable antioxidant activity in DPPH and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> scavenging assays. Cytotoxicity tests show dose-dependent anti-cancer efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 38.69&#xa0;µg/mL. However, no appreciable antifungal activity was detected. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of green-synthesized N-ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs as antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer agents in biomedical applications.</p>

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Green synthesis of zirconium oxide nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves extract for multifunctional biomedical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Shruti N. Tanwar,
  • Yatish R. Parauha,
  • Yogesh There,
  • Anil Pethe,
  • S. J. Dhoble

摘要

The green synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles (N-ZrO2 NPs) with plant extracts offers a unique and ecologically benign approach for biological applications. In this study, dried leaf extract of Azadirachta indica was employed as a reducing and capping agent in the manufacture of N-ZrO2 nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) study reveals the presence of functional bonds necessary for NP stabilization, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies validate the crystalline structure and phase purity. The shape and morphology of N-ZrO2 NPs were analyzed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. It was observed that the prepared NPs had an average size of 8.15 ± 0.25 nm. The synthesized N-ZrO2 NPs shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and strong antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Biofilm inhibition reached 71.5%% at 1⋅MIC, with 30.6% reduction in biofilm biomass at higher concentration, confirming dose-dependent disruption of biofilm architecture. The NPs also showed notable antioxidant activity in DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assays. Cytotoxicity tests show dose-dependent anti-cancer efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with an IC50 of 38.69 µg/mL. However, no appreciable antifungal activity was detected. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of green-synthesized N-ZrO2 NPs as antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and anticancer agents in biomedical applications.